Wind energy regards a kind of green as environmental protection the sources of energy is a kind when development latent capacity can have in second birth the sources of energy. The development as wind cable technology and mature with each passing day, type already achieved 5MW above, blade length exceeds 60 meters. Blade is one of components of key of wind- driven generation set, have measure big, the external form is complex, precision demand is high, to intensity, stiffness, spend a requirement glossily with the surface advanced characteristic.
Composite material has a lot of advantages in the production of fan lamina. Workmanship basically has hand paste to shape, mould pressing shapes, beforehand dip makings shapes, pull crowded shape, fiber is twined, colophony delivers moulding and vacuum perfusion to shape wait for craft. 1, the hand is burnt craft
Hand paste is a kind of conventional technology that manufactures lamina of rotor of composite material fan. In hand burnt craft, fiber base material the shop is put within single standard, brush coating glass cloth and colophony with roller or wool next, the drawing of patterns after normal temperature solidify. Hand burnt method can be used at low cost to make large, appearance sophisticated products. Because it need not suffer,heat the influence that reachs pressure. Use simple equipment and pattern can, additional foreign minister is cheaper to cost of other feasibility program. The main drawback of lamina of fan of production of hand burnt craft is product quality the operation competence to the worker and ambient conditions dependence are bigger, manufacturing efficiency is low fluctuate with product quality uniformity bigger, the activity of the product makes sure the gender is poor evenly, percent defective is taller. Mix to high-powered complex pneumatic exterior especially lamina of the structure that place core, still need to stick receive wait for fabricating, stick receive craft to need to stick receive platform or model frame stick the joint that accepts a scale in order to ensure, manufacturing technology is more sophisticated with difficulty. The blade of wind- driven dynamo that hand burnt craft makes appears in use process because process contains glue mediumly to measure inhomogenous, fiber,the problem often is / colophony soak is undesirable reach solidify to wait for the crackle that cause not completely, rupture to be out of shape with blade etc. The hand papers craft to be able to accompany those who have a large number of harmful material and dissolvent to release toward contact, particular environment pollutes a problem. Hand paste is technique of a kind of lamina of manufacturing composite material that already was proved, but because its yield is low the discontinuous sex that reachs a part and structure of very difficult implementation are complex, the large product with mechanical performance high demand, make people will study key move comes other production methods. 2, mould pressing shapes
Mould pressing shapes craft will enhance material and colophony park first in double valve mould, close next mould, heat pressurization, next drawing of patterns, the solidify after undertaking. The advantage of this craft depends on fiber content be being led high with hole low, and produce cycle weak point, accurate dimension public errand reachs good finishing. However, mould pressing shapes apply to the composite material product with simple production to be like ski, make the complex form part such as the blade that includes material of envelope, core and bridge very hard. Although can improve mould pressing to shape technological equipment, but should improve can bear 20 ～ of pressure of 40 meters of span heat the sth used to one's own advantage with modular very big demand is devoted. Mould pressing shapes manufacturing component has tall fiber content and high strength / quality comparing, but the blade that makes intricate geometry appearance with low cost means has certain difficulty. 3, beforehand dip expects the shop puts technology
Beforehand dip makings method depends on what what its use to dip enhances material and get a name beforehand. In this kind of craft, partial solidify colophony and in enhancing material shop to be put in single standard, heat solidify. To avoid rich colophony the occurrence of the area is mixed eliminate to put air space, need beforehand the colophony in dip makings by enough spill, current, commercialize on the market beforehand the solidify temperature that dip expects general need is taller (90 ～ 110%) . Use beforehand the main advantage that dip expects is to producing the fiber in the process to enhance material to arrange in good condition, because this can make the part with low fiber blemish and superior performance. Carbon fiber beforehand dip makings applies extensively in aviation industry, because they can be used,will make the part of complex structure. Choose beforehand the leading defect of lamina of fan of dip makings production is cost tall. This kind of material is mixed than common colophony normally enhance material expensive 5 ～ 10 times. Additional, as a result of beforehand dip stuff is put with manual means shop, paper photograph comparing with the hand, congeneric labor is concentrated model, yield is low. Beforehand dip makings is the good technology that manufactures complex form structural member, beforehand dip makings is applied in abroad very extensive, its craft and equipment also develop mature level. In actual production, the requirement of the mechanical function that waits for each place as a result of ministry of the envelope of blade, girder, root and craft each are not identical, consequently, below the condition that does not affect performance, to reduce cost, different share is used different beforehand dip makings. 4, help crowded technology
Pull crowded shape craft is used at production to have certain section commonly, shape continuously in the production of goods. This kind shapes continuously in craft, enhance material to pass colophony impregnation chamfer, solidify shapes. The fiber content that pulls crowded product is high, quality is stable, because be to shape continuously easily automation, suit large quantities of quantities to produce. And, the product is beardless later period rest and reorganization, quality is consistent, need not detect dynamic balancing, n 95% . Compare with photograph of other process cost, can reduce 40% . Although pull crowded craft to have a lot of advantages, but blemish also exists in the production in fan lamina. Pull crowded craft to once made lamina of fan of vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy and blade of fan of axis of a few small-sized levels successfully, make the fan blade that becomes sectional impossibly however, cut faces I bridge and other substance to push technology at pulling is small challenge only, and hollow part includes bridge and core capable person just is difficulty. Because pull crowded craft to cannot make the complex form part with sectional larger change currently, because this is large,the cost of automation equipment is the another consideration factor that plays crowded craft application. Accordingly, pull crowded shape craft has larger applied latent capacity in production of small-sized fan lamina. 5, fiber is twined
Fiber is twined basically use at making container and tubing, in craft be in after chamfer of impregnation of successive fiber immerge machine pilot undertakes voluble on core model. Twine craft controallable rate of fiber tension, birth and twine the variable such as angle. Fiber twines the part that can make different measurement and ply. Twining craft application to produce a medium limitation at blade is to be in blade is fore-and-aft cannot undertake voluble, lack of length direction fibrous makes blade is mixed in tall drawing curve load to leave easy generation question. Additional, fiber twines the coarse and outside face of generation to may affect the aerodynamics performance of blade, must undertake finishing so. Hind, core model and computer control cost are very big. Apparent, the characteristic that fiber twines applies to container and conduit, and additional cost can produce in blade production. 6, colophony delivers moulding (RTM)
The composite material that colophony delivers moulding craft to belong to half mechanization shapes craft, the worker needs to will design good dry fiber to shape to body is put in the mould and combine a model beforehand only, subsequently craft relies on mould and injection system completely to finish and assure, expose without any resinous, mix to the worker's technology consequently environmental requirement papers craft under the hand far and can control product quality effectively. RTM craft is used shut a model to shape craft, particularly appropriate shape lamina of wind- driven dynamo (core of fiber, clip and connect but modular antrum shapes) , and need not stick 2 times receive. With the hand burnt craft photograph is compared, not only managing stick those who receive technology all sorts of tool equipment, and managing working hours, improved manufacturing efficiency, reduced manufacturing cost. Because used low viscosity resin,infiltrate at the same time fiber and use add lukewarm solidify craft, improved composite material quality and manufacturing efficiency greatly. The dependence with RTM craft less production technical level of the worker, craft quality depends on the craft parameter that has decided merely, the product pledges the quantity assures easily, the percent defective of the product papers craft under the hand. RTM produces medium limitative ingredient in blade is cost first. The mould equipment of RTM is very costly. Additional, because RTM belongs to the craft that shut a model, forecast colophony flow condition very hard, produce rejected product easily. 7, vacuum perfusion shapes craft
Vacuum perfusion shapes craft is increase fiber material direct shop is put on the mould, material increases to carry an upper berth on the head to set to come off in fiber layer, come off the layer is the fiber fabric of a very poor small hole rate, low permeability normally, come off layer upper berth is put tall permeate medium, wrap Fu to reach with vacuum film next sealed. Vavuum pump bleed comes negative pressure condition, colophony enters whole system through entering glue to be in charge of, through the tourist guide tubal guiding colophony flows advocate direction. Diversion cloth makes colophony distributings every corner of lay up, come off after solidify cloth of drawing of patterns, get the lay up with the close-grained, small amount that contain gum thereby. Vacuum perfusion shapes the good choice that craft is fan lamina manufacturer, compare with standard RTM photograph, spare time, machine volatile is very little, improved labor condition, reduce handlers and harmful material contact, satisfy the people requirement to environmental protection, improved working environment, technology operation is simple. In the meantime, vacuum is auxiliary can eliminate bleb adequately, reduce product hole to lead, effective control product contains glue amount. Product quality stability tall, repeatability can be good. Goods apparent quality is good, identical lay up and ply is thin, intensity is high, shape at hand paste relatively tensile strength raises 20% above, this technology is not high to mould requirement, the mould is made simple, compare with photograph of traditional RTM craft, its mould cost can reduce 50 ～ 70% . As the bitter fleabane of wind report career suddenly develops, xiang Fu of lamina of composite material fan is miscellaneous change, large the way that change develops. All sorts of craft are made in lamina of wind energy conversion system in get applied. According to the characteristic of lamina of different wind energy conversion system, use suitable technology reasonably in order to obtain the lamina of wind energy conversion system of low cost high quality.
