01 foreword
In recent years, carbon fiber composite material (the material that CFRP) regards small amount, high strenth as, the domain waits to be used extensively in car, aviation.
CFRP because its superior performance, from 20 centuries 70 time begin to basically be used at the sports such as golf lever and fishing rod recreational domain, 20 centuries after 80 time, as the progress of production method, the adoption on the large facility for transporting such as the plane got swift and violent development. In recent years, also received wide application in the civil engineering domain such as building and bridge consolidate, henceforth more expect it is in light quantify, energy-saving wait for a domain to make contribution for earthly environment.
The current situation of the carbon fiber that the article will be aimed at CFRP and its core and look into undertake elaborating.
The history of 02 carbon fiber and characteristic
1879, edison (Thomas Alva Edison, 1847-1931) invented the incandescent lamp that is illuminant with carbon fiber. He will |contain a lot of natural and linear polymer extremely tree endodermis, Jute, abaca and marijuana finalize the design the dimension of a need and appearance, have high temperature to its roast; When be heated, these cellulose fiber that make by successive dextrose unit were become by carbonization carbon fiber. 1892, the filament of filament of carbon fiber of “ incandescent lamp that edison invents makes a technology”Won American patent (patent date: 470925) . Can say, edison invented the carbon fiber that commercializes the earliest. 20 centuries metaphase is developed for military affairs, universe in the United States, began real research, developed the polyacrylonitrile that is origin with oil (PAN is) , coal tar bitumen, petroleum pitch (bitumen is) the carbon fiber that is raw material.
Polyacrylonitrile base the contriver of carbon fiber is Japanese scientist close cane clear male, after passing a large number of tests, he discovers polyacrylonitrile base carbon fiber can get after oxidation is handled, made the basic circuit that PAN radical carbon fiber makes, this craft is up-to-date still continueing to be being used.
1963 group the isotropy bitumen that the big cereal professor of equestrian university discovered bitumen radical carbon fiber. Isotropy bitumen is used as current level carbon fiber, bitumen of liquid crystal photograph is no less than PAN base the high-powered hard carbon fiber of carbon fiber.
Carbon fiber has the physical character such as intensity and stretch model quantity not only, still have other and exceedingly good characteristic.
In hot characteristic field, thermal conductance is tall, comparative with the metal - 1.0×10-6/ ℃ , dimension stability is good, meet scarcely adjustable because of temperature, and the melting point of carbon fiber is 3650 ℃ , greatly prep above metal, as heat resistant material very exceedingly good also.
In electric character, because resistor rate is close to a metal, have good electromagnetic wave to shut off character, because this also is used at the housing of notebook computer.
Although carbon fiber has so exceedingly good character, it is the buildup that in discovery carbon fiber regards the composite material such as colophony as when fiber is used and can replacing metallic stuff, just caused wide attention of the society.
But using high-powered carbon fiber to regard as plastic the buildup that waits for composite material when fiber, can replace metallic stuff to had caused social attention.
03 about carbon fiber composite material
Carbon fiber regards the buildup of CFRP as material, the 1/4 that its proportion has iron only, comparing intensity is iron 10 times, 7 times stretch model quantity is iron, the exceedingly good physics character of carbon fiber is gone to in the sporting goods by play plane each domains.
CFRP is carbon fiber shape through colophony and become, the basis serves as the colophony of matrix, can divide sex of the solid that it is heat CFRP(CFRTS) and thermoplastic CFRP(CFRTP) two kinds. The matrix of CFRP of hot solid sex uses epoxy resin, get resin of the macerate in carbon fiber beforehand dip makings, after machining its place to want form, make through heating its solidify, get the part of a design, also can configure carbon fiber in the mould, it is in airtight environment infuse epoxy resin (RTM: Resin Transfer Molding) . Polypropylene is used in the matrix of CFRTP (PP) etc, use thermoplastic heat undertake punch is machined after dip makings, bate beforehand, perhaps use note model to shape wait for the form that can receive a hope.
Resemble the circumstance with automobile mass-produced industry, shorten it is important to produce time blame to be. What developing CFRTS and CFRTP at present is fast shape technology. About CFRTP, studied a lot of colophony data that serve as matrix, the place before be like is narrated, besides PP, still the polyamide such as PA6 and PA66 fastens colophony, and get together benzene sulfur aether (PPS) etc super and plastic, different colophony is characteristic, its CFRTP is characteristic (hear resistance and water imbibition) all have very big different.
Express the major attribute of the colophony base material of 1 CFRP
04CFRP is carrying the application in car
As a result of the peculiar characteristic of CFRP, popularizing actively on air bus at present. Boeing 787 namely among them a representative example, through will before the CFRP utilization rate of the plane from 5% the left and right sides increases to 50% , came true substantially light quantify. Accordingly, the flight distance of the plane gets rising substantially, if not be the line that air bus cannot open,also can debut before, raised the convenience sex of the person that the plane is used thereby. Same, of the car light quantify oily to rising also bad news to have very big effect. If the graph is shown 1 times, the detail of discharge capacity of the carbon dioxide inside Japan, it is with the scale related the car among them 15.4% , hold the very large proportion of discharge capacity of Japanese carbon dioxide. Mix as mixture motivation car now the promotion of car of new energy resources, quantify as gently as what this synchronism advances car bodywork become more important. From the graph 2 can see, those who pass a car is light quantify can improve oily waste time, the carbon dioxide discharge capacity of door of Department of Transportation can be cut down considerably, thereby of wastage of the sources of energy also get cutting down at the same time.
Graph the carbon dioxide discharge capacity of 1 carriage branch
Graph the relation of 2 cars oily bad news and car weight
05 thermoplastic carbon fiber composite material (the expectation of CFRTP)
Although CFRP has exceedingly good character, and aboard also is used, but the task that to enlarge its promotion application still exists to need to solve more very much. The biggest task is cost, be in the CFRTS of hot solidify sex of the mainstream is at present medium, the adoption that intensity, dependability obtained an aircraft standard, its function also enough satisfies a requirement, but like the graph 3 are shown, cost of material and production addition this very tall, just apply at cost allowance big bigger aviation and high-end car domain.
To solve this one task, need is right thermoplastic colophony has further research and development as matrix resinous CFRTP. Thermoplastic the property that colophony has be heated bate, cooling sclerosis, and do not have chemical reaction, no matter heat to repeat with refrigeration,undertake how many times, all can hold this kind of property. Because this agrees with,the punch of short time shapes, can saying is price of the sex when batch is produced compares very tall data.
When using CFRTS of resinous of hot solidify sex, the meeting in production process produces waste material, very difficult recycle uses waste material, but if be thermoplastic CFRP, if the graph is shown 4 times, the loop that can realize the useless material in production working procedure is used.
Thermoplastic CFRP is to hold new material of a small amount, high strenth, low cost, tall circulative concurrently, the contribution that can say its promotion application turns the way to deal with a situation to earthly warmth is beyond question.
Graph CFRP of sex of 3 hot solid and thermoplastic the cost of CFRP is compared
Graph 4 thermoplastic the loop of CFRP is used
06 last words
To will have the CFRTP of superior performance (thermoplastic carbon fiber increases plastic) use extensively at structural material, need has technical research and development in the following respects in the future.
(1) development can produce the intermediate base material with admirable and characteristic carbon fiber.
(2) the structure that development can develop CFRTP character designs a technology.
(3) the development of technology of high speed form cutting.
(4) the development that recycle uses a technology.
(5) the development that the material such as dependability, collision assesses a technology
07 bibliographical reference
(1) temple Tian Xingping, nice work learns Zha / Journal Of The Japan Society For Precision Engineering Vo.81, no.6, 2021
