The flight feature of helicopter is different from fixed ala plane, low altitude low speed is low altitude sweeps past Hai Fei to bring about its to enlist in army all right even environment and its are abominable. relatively the metallic stuff at the tradition, composite material is had the quantity that compare a pattern, taller than intensity, lay up but clipping designs a gender, fatigue sensitivity is low and corrosion resistance is good wait for a lot of advantage, becoming helicopter to reduce structural weight, design of contented environmental suitability and showing the optimal select material that reduces cost of cycle of type whole life. As the birth of composite material and large-scale application, the design of aerostat makes the way that moving toward to change [1] .

1 abroad uses the current situation

20 centuries 60 time, composite material begins to be used to the commutate that designs production helicopter overspreads grade bear force structure, boeing, Xikesiji is mixed later wait for Euramerican helicopter to design production company pays close attention to continuously and begin such as to come back to live project of test and verify of alar structure technology, high continuously for nothing quality and low cost can the helicopter such as repair airframe structure is high-powered of project of composite material application, the development of production business of design of current and Euramerican helicopter in composite material all is in world front row on development, design application, production level, the dosage of the composite material in NH-90, CH-53K helicopter exceeds 90% above.

1.1 future are perpendicular lift project

Future is perpendicular lift (FVL) the project is American army the department of defense that outstanding center takes the lead combines item of research and development, basically be to use army of contented United States and Marine Corps to be opposite gunship and the demand of general carriage helicopter, predict 2030 the left and right sides replaces existing H-1 and H-60 aircraft group, the research and development that drops U.S. Army helicopter and use maintain cost [2] . Have two type finally selected this project, the bend of V-280“ Trojan ” that is development of Xikesiji and combination of shellfish Er company respectively turns the SB-1“ dauntless ” of company of gyroplane, Boeing.

As the 3rd generation of shellfish Er company bend turns gyroplane V-280, the attention that designs staff is mainly on the dependability that low cost and design simplify, through using advanced material, automatic workmanship, use design production unifinication and tool of low cost research and development make cost of research and development gets be reducinged apparently. The assembly of envelope and costal region the process uses high-powered cold curing glue to undertake adhesive bonding, the design chooses wide cut of oxygen of IM10 carbon fiber annulus beforehand dip makings, be versed in through the hand the shop is put, make beehive of large size carbon fiber place crossbeam of core structure wing, envelope and costal region structure, profit from the use of afore-mentioned methods, the fastener of V-280 machine makes dosage is reduced 95% , labor totle drilling cost reduces 57%[3] .

Boeing company is used in envelope of airframe of V-22 osprey transport and Boeing 787 planes make the automatic fiber store that already had used in the process put a technology (AFP) the paddle of ala coming back that has SB-1 opportunity is made. Advocate the carbon fiber that paddle crossbeam passes shop of axis of core of machine head edge to give off first is lacy preparation comes out, the crossbeam that gives off the shop later is placed solidify undertakes through autoclave on tool. The manual shop that traditional crossbeam makes place use puts craft to be able to appear sex of the disperse between paddle and paddle amount of big, blemish is much and the issue with labor high cost, use AFP technology to divide outside avoiding afore-mentioned manual shops to put brought issue, still can design make the does not have adhesive bonding connect crossbeam with a stabler and superior performance, shorten considerably the production cycle of paddle, raised a design to spend a level freely.

The airframe structure design of SB-1 machine makes a process draw lessons from those who apply early days to grind beforehand achievement and in Boeing the advanced technology that already had used on 787 planes is mixed experience, make appliance has the higher volume that compare a pattern, composite material that compares intensity and tall tenacity to undertake a structure decrease heavy design. Riveting process uses robot bore and installation fastener, this technology photograph relatively produce at traditional and artificial riveting, manufacturing cost reduces an in part, fraction defective is reduced 90% .

H-160 of 1.2 medium-sized helicopter

Empty straight company's compositive and newest innovation technology research and development gives H-160 of medium-sized multipurpose helicopter, this model function satisfies coastal waters carry quite, service of urgent medical treatment, private and a variety of job requirement such as official aviation, paddle of leading edge of profit from blue, can offer transcendental comfortable sex for the passenger, at the same time this model also is the civil helicopter of the 1st complete composite material. This model machine the model certificate of approval that already issued at obtaining European Air Safety Board 2020.

H-160 helicopter uses a ball flexible compose of ala coming back, in the center of among them paddle hub the core that serves as ala coming back is crucial bear centrifugal force, lift, rotate curved quadrature, advocate torque of ala coming back and cut load, circumstance getting power and its are complex. In the center of the paddle hub of existing model of empty straight firm all make for titanium alloy material, its the service life of 4500 flights hour is far under helicopter the whole life of 10000 flights hour is periodic. Empty straight company is in what the gender innovates in H-160 type design to choose get together ether aether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic the titanium alloy data that composite material of colophony carbon fiber replaces a tradition makes paddle hub in the center of, among them PEEK colophony is the foregone fatigue resistance in commercializing colophony can be mixed fight cut function first-rate colophony, relatively at current and commonly used epoxy resin, its are fought cut function to rise 18% , fatigue function rises 50% . H-160 machine is used thermoplastic composite material design is made advocate in the center of hub of paddle of ala coming back, make the whole world FAA/EASA 27.573 of first basis latest edition " the scathing allowance aggravation of aerostat of composite material ala coming back is fatigue assess " the model that begins work of attestation of comfortable boat accordance [4] .

CH-53K of 1.3 heavy-duty helicopter

American department of defense approves Xikesiji by 2005 the CH-53K of the company develops a plan, the company begins Xikesiji for research and development of American Marine Corps brand-new the heavy-duty helicopter of the design, with will replace in the CH-53E helicopter with the severe loss in Iraqi war aircraft group, this model machine 2015 bottom head flies successful, predict to was formed 2029 fight thoroughly ability. Xikesiji the company offers 5 old crucial technologies in the light of this model, it is drive of billabong of engine of GE38 eddy axis, torsion, Xian Chuanfei respectively accuse, the 4th Dai Xuanyi paddle and innovation pledge gently structure of composite material airframe [5] .

The innovation that CH-53K machine applies pledges the typical structure in composite material technology is represented gently is not to have bearing scull composite material flexible bridge. Regard scull flight as crucial position, composite material is flexible the crossbeam that the action of bridge is will all paddle and fluctuation envelope join arrive scull axis, its configuration submits dog bone form, dimension achieves 1626mm×343mm×76mm, by dip makings spreads Fu and 737 are become beforehand, structure along in axial 9° is turned round. Because this configuration is complex, lay up amount is overmuch, if use traditional worker handiwork store to stick,make, meeting generation production man-hour is much, product percent of pass is low, produce the problem with exorbitant cost. To avoid afore-mentioned problems, naval aviation headquarters signs a contract at was the same as Accudyne system company 2011, the remaining part that develops CH-53K type by its comes back the ala is flexible the research that Liang Zi uses a shop to put a technology works [6] .

Current situation of 2 home application and be apart from a circumstance with foreign difference

Our country at 20 centuries 80 time introduce SA-365N helicopter from France, helicopter of series of Z9 of successful and homebred melt into, our country begins from now on in helicopter domain large-scale application composite material undertakes structural design is made, applied place includes the airframe such as envelope of cover of system of ala coming back, commutate, airframe advocate, second bear force structure, configuration includes a pressing plate, a honeycomb-like thing / bubble interlining structure, select material type covers carbon fiber, high standard to measure fibre glass of carbon fiber, excel in, without alkaline glass cloth epoxy resin of He Fangguan fiber base composite material.

2.1 application current situation

Homebred helicopter already was coming back at present the epoxy resin of medium, high temperature that seriation chooses in great quantities in the structural design of structure of alar paddle, airframe base composite material, fibre glass of excel in of class of T300 class carbon fiber, R, all get applied extensively without alkaline glass cloth, composite material make shape with autoclave give priority to, already began blame autoclave to shape solidify, 3D is braided wait for advanced composite material to shape the applied research of craft.

After 21 centuries, what our country realizes carbon fiber and material of excel in fibre glass basically is homebred change development, formed homebred composite material to be made from design of raw material production, structure, craft, nondestructive detects and the unity of experiment test and verify is normative, master type of composite material building blocks to experiment from sample class - component class - package class - component class - the ability of analytic test and verify of the experiment design of systematic level and test result.

2.2 home heterodyne is apart from

In recent years, the applied quantity of the composite material in homebred helicopter structure already promoted considerably, but enterprise of more Euramerican helicopter still has certain difference, main show is: The function stability of homebred composite material remains to raise; to be not autoclave to shape technology and technology of low cost composite material and generation of foreign existence technology differ; composite material to repair technical level inferior.

Additional, home grinds newly the test of building blocks type that the composite material structure of helicopter uses a convention undertakes appraisal obtains evidence, need undertakes many experiment test and verify, cause funds cost to increase and obtain evidence cycle is lengthened. Current, the means of nest type attestation that the place of test and verify of composite material of paddle of ala coming back that Boeing company is aimed at AH-64D model offers already enrolled in CMH-17G manual, trial measure gets decreasing considerably, the composite material that association of American gyroplane industry grinds newly in the light of FVL project puts forward tall degree of confidence fictitious attestation technology [7] . The research of technology of fictitious to application of method of nest type attestation and tall degree of confidence attestation is in home phase of research of early days theory.

3 development trend

The applied scale in helicopter structure and value increase composite material ceaselessly, the development direction of prospective composite material basically is structural function unifinication, high-powered change with tall stability, low cost and intelligence.

Unifinication of 3.1 structures function

The track sanded stone that the flight characteristic that helicopter can run to undertake low altitude hovers for long on the road in any conditions decides to because fall,its cannot avoid to wash air current to cause produces problem of low energy percussive to composite material structure, because helicopter installs the feasibility condition of ejection seat to decide to need to press when the design hard fight crash to ask to design composite material structure, military helicopter still needs to consider hidden from view body, ballproof wait for a requirement. Design of structure of prospective helicopter composite material needs to make sure structural function and functional sex photograph are united in wedlock, protect skin like the unifinication that already put forward at present [8] concept, in the pneumatic appearance effect with make sure composite material envelope is had better while, great the concealed body performance that improves helicopter.

3.2 high-powered with tall stability

The vibration of system of ala coming back of helicopter is characteristic and complex, the structure faces serious stiffness, exhaustion and life problem, put forward with composite material to prospective helicopter high-powered with high performance stability asks. At present the forward position technology of this respect has modified of accept rice grain to add pliable but strong colophony and thermoplastic colophony, should make sure quantity of fibrous high standard is mixed not only tall enhance a gender, the tenacity that raises colophony matrix even and be able to bear or endure force of function of damp and hot.

3.3 low cost

Dot of a when helicopter structure designs main attention is to reduce serious problem, weigh through choosing high-powered composite material to undertake the structure is decreased, can reduce the operation cost of the user effectively, but at present the production cost of composite material does not fall high at be being resided for aluminium alloy relatively, reduce the manufacturing cost of production enterprise not effectively, because this helicopter structure uses the future of composite material to develop way,be in its the low cost inside whole life cycle is changed, namely material, make, the low cost that maintains 3 respects is changed. At present the forward position technology of this direction includes to be not autoclave solidify to spread structure of filar technology, composite material technology, automatically to repair standardization to wait.

3.4 intelligence are changed

The structural design of helicopter future needs to pay close attention to the development state of affairs of intelligent composite material, have namely feel oneself, diagnose oneself, from repair and adaptive composite material technology. Current forward position technology has the colophony from repair capability for example, and contain intelligent fibrous composite material, these technologies conduce to structure of helicopter composite material realizing vibration and noise to be out of shape control, actively and obtain structural condition to be diagnosed oneself, injure the ability from repair.

4 conclusion

Our country helicopter retains the quantity is more Euramerican developed country difference is bigger, prospective country is right the demand of helicopter still exuberant, composite material is chosen to be helpful for improving data in helicopter structure mechanical function, reduce structural weight, reduce manufacturing cost to reach production cycle, and contented high-powered one of focusing dots that the high-powered composite material that turns structural design gently character will be development of domain of design of prospective helicopter structure. According to abroad at present the development trend of high-powered composite material, our country should pay close attention to the; of composite material technology that has structural function unifinication with high-powered thermoplastic the low cost that the; of technology of high-powered composite material that colophony radical is a delegate spreads silk solidify, automatically to be a delegate with be not autoclave shapes technical; is felt oneself with having, diagnose oneself, oneself repair and, should pay close attention to at the same time begin method of attestation of type of composite material nest and tall degree of confidence the research of fictitious attestation technology. ” of equipment of “ generation material, generation, although be the same as foreign existence difference,our country is in on the application of research and development of high-powered composite material, but as the country many grind beforehand the project is propped up reach model drawing to fall, should believe technology of prospective home composite material is sure advanced level of world of try hard to catch up.

Bibliographical reference:

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Origin: " edition of learning of · of information of science and technology " 2021 6 period