1.CFRP application compares the history of eddy fan to be in eddy fan engine at big contain path, compare through using lamina of big diameter fan to raise contain to, can reduce the specific fuel consumption of unit thrust, but increase fan diameter to be able to add weight necessarily, the effect that reduces plane whole oily cost can be offsetted. This reduces meaning of fan component weight to be in namely. If the graph is shown 1 times, as a result of the addition of fan diameter, the main part that dimension and weight add subsequently has 3: Crust of fan lamina, fan and structure are oriented blade (Structural Guide Vane, SGV of the following abbreviation) . SGV is to hold concurrently provide pair of fan end inpour the action that the structural member that the air of travel commutate moves housing of fan of Lijing lamina zephyr supports. The expensive work temperature of these components is 100 ℃ to control, this also is the applicable temperature limits of CFRP, accordingly, can use CFRP to replace aluminium alloy of traditional material titanium to come true light quantify. Fan lamina is turbine fan engine in big, heavy use blade, because its are had very big reduce serious effect, because applicable CFRP had tried before this. 20 centuries 70 time, laosilaisi company (Rolls Royce) once tried to use CFRP fan blade plane of wide system of Yu Luo Ke Xide SamSung (L1011) large engine (RB211 series) , but because cannot bear avian pound and fail. What produce in carbon fiber industry is inchoate, carbon fiber and its periphery technology have not mature the challenges failure be consideringed as prematurely account below condition. But as a result of from inside failure, made clear impact resistance (tenacity) the key that is CFRP fan component, subsequently CFRP material manufacturer tries all sorts of improvement in order to raise its tenacity.
Graph path comparing fan enters the 1 big contain that applies to CFRP 90 time, american GE company (General Electric) in Boeing 777 with exceed large engine (GE90) went up to come true successfully to appear on the stage of CFRP fan lamina practical change, those who initiated history of CFRP fan component is epochal. Improved the CFRP data of tenacity through using tall tenacity epoxy resin, can bear of the bird bump. This technology already also applied at Boeing the GEnx of 787, already measured produce nearly 20 years. Although leaf of this kind of fan overcame the problem of impact resistance, but its cost is very high, because it used a kind of production method, namely artificial will 1000 multichip CFRP data sheet (beforehand dip expects) pile (lamination) hour of roast in high-pressured boiler number, cost is very accordingly high. When the application that popularizes CFRP fan component, reduced production cost to become the task that next need solves again apparently. GE company is in Boeing 787 in using GEnx motor, besides afore-mentioned CFRP fan lamina, what realized CFRP fan housing successfully still is practical change. Fan housing is the heavy component in engine, the application of CFRP is right light quantify had conclusive effect. Besides serving as the pipeline that forms way of fan air current, still ask to fly in fan lamina break (FBO, fan Blade Off) when can have in that way like bulletproof vest prevent blade to fly the impact resistance that lose (Containment) . GEnx fan crust is used twine carbon fiber fabric automatically go up in the mould, use epoxy resin macerate and the production method of solidify (RTM shapes method, resin Transfer Molding) , implemented the automation that cascade works. In impact resistance of give attention to two or morethings and the part of fan of the 2nd acting CFRP that reduce cost practical change this to go up, can saying is a meaning far-reaching. Since 1995, composite material lamina already applied on GE90, GEnx, LEAP and GE9X engine early or late, accumulative total flies 140 million hours, additional, these composite material lamina do not have life limitation. The CFRP component essentials of GE company is shown 2 times like the graph.
The CFRP fan lamina that company of graph 2 GE develops and fan crust are in plane of new generation only channel (empty guest A320NEO, boeing 737MAX) also got applied in the engine of two kinds of medium model. LeapX engine (CFMI, GE company / SNECDMA company) the fan blade that uses finish to combine three-dimensional structure fabric and RTM figuration magic art and fan crust. If the graph is shown 3 times, in PW1100G-JM engine (IAE, p&W company / JAEC (consortium of engine of aircraft of Japan of legal person of general financial group) / MTU company) in, used raw material of CFRP of modified epoxy resin (beforehand dip expects) the fan crust with automatic and winding figuration, use thermoplastic colophony CFRP material (beforehand dip expects) with automatic lamination / suppress shapes methodological SGV. These two engine are to use special CFRP material and production method, through give attention to two or morethings of automation production implementation Gao Kangchong hits gender and the target that reduce cost. GKN of manufacturer of aircraft spare parts also is in with spare parts of fan of RR joint development CFRP 4) . Here, used material of epoxy resin CFRP (beforehand dip expects) the production method that is united in wedlock with automatic lamination photograph.
Graph 3 LeapX uses CFRP fan lamina and case (SNECMA company) 2. CFRP fan spare parts develops example: PW1100G-JM fan crust and SGV regard engine of JAEC Japan aviation as association) member, IHI company limited (Ishikawa island is sowed worry heavy industry) developed the CFRP fan case that is used at PW1100G-JM engine / SGV, this engine is installation on airbus A320neo. PW1100G-JM is passed use fan of positive drive turbine (GTF, geared Turbo Fan) new form realized the contain path of about 12 to compare the fuel efficiency with Gao Shuiping. Through applying CFRP at big diameter fan, came true substantially light quantify. Engine of MRJ of 3 water chestnut (PW1200G) with engine of series of Pang Badi C (PW1500G) also used the CFRP fan case that is the same as a type. This section is with the development of CFRP fan component exemple, the technology that introduces these two components develops general situation. If the graph is shown 4 times, the photograph of crust of PW1100G-JM engine main body, fan and SGV.
Lead plane of engine of graph 4 PW1100-JM (Zun Tu) , CFRP fan crust (left) reach SGV (right) summed up above the manufacturer of CFRP fan component of the introduction, material and workmanship. After 2000, each big engine manufacturer begins to have research and development, CFRP fan component enters comprehensive hair exhibition period. In addition, use hand moves the lamina of acting GE90 fan of joint to already was replaced by the 2nd acting automatic joint, realized the give attention to two or morethings that impact resistance and cost reduce. The material of the 2nd acting CFRP and workmanship have 3 kinds of collateral methods. These 3 kinds of methods are considered as the production method of low cost CFRP, apply to aircraft engine not only, and apply to a plane airframe and general industrial CFRP spare parts. The characteristic of all sorts of methods is as follows: (1) annulus oxygen PP (beforehand dip expects) + automatic lamination: Traditional annulus oxygen beforehand dip expects + the automation method that the hand uses part of the handiwork in lamination. Raw material is formed, structure and the traditional product that have good record are same, make sure in sex of stuff other people, design, character the risk that go up is very few so. But, it is very difficult that automatic cascade rate rises, solidify also needs a few hours, because this cost reduces the effect,be finite. (2) 3D weaving + RTM: In the carbon fiber weaving figure of product of epoxy resin immerge and the production method of solidify. As a result of what need not make intermediate material beforehand the automation that dip makings can implement fabric, it is good that accordingly cost reduces the effect. Because can be in board thick direction arranges fiber, can raise the tenacity between the layer so. But, assure in quality and weakness of existence of physical performance side, detect hard for example inadequate macerate and the physical function deterioration that because fiber bends,cause. And solidify time needs a few hours, as identical as groovy method. (3) thermoplastic colophony PP+ automatic lamination: Make in order to thermoplastic colophony is matrix beforehand the method that dip makings replaces epoxy resin. Colophony oneself tenacity is tall, impact resistance is tall. Solidify time with minute for the unit, the cost that high speed shapes reduces the effect big. Because was used beforehand dip makings, so content sex, character makes sure the problem of the respect is very few also. But, solidify processing temperature is high, figuration plant is expensive, especially hard figuration is large goods. As above, the method of 3 kinds of low cost has above each actor defect, still do not have all-purpose method at present. Henceforth, every kinds of method will be improved, with its hasten is the same as at a numeric standard, undertaking differentiating according to character of the appearance of the spare parts, requirement and crop should be a trend. They are inchoate technology, in order to achieve physical performance (impact resistance) it is a target with the both give attention to two or morethings of low cost, still need ceaseless technical research and development.
12CFRP fan ministry tastes: Craft of · of manufacturer, material 4. CMC (radical of pottery and porcelain composite material) outside applying at component of high temperature turbine to be compared besides Gao Han path, the method that reduces fuel efficiency still has be compared through increasing pressure and raise temperature to improve thermal efficiency. The total pressure ratio of new fund engine has been achieved 50, future can increase 60 the left and right sides. Engine is compared in such high pressure in, if do not use the data that exceeds heat-resisting alloy, increase as a result of what cooling air measures, the effect that specific fuel consumption reduces can be offsetted, CMC hopeful makes next generation heat resistant material. SiC (carborundum) wait for weight of careful pottery and porcelain light, hear resistance is tall, but monomer (Monolithic) tenacity is low and brittle, because this applies at turbine spare parts hard. Through making composite material with fiber of high strenth pottery and porcelain, can raise tenacity substantially, its regard the applicability of structural material as emerge as the times require. On the tradition, the fundamental development of the component of SiC/SiC CMC turbine of use SiC fiber and SiC matrix all the time afoot. If the graph shows the give a demonstration of the SiC/SiC turbine component of IHI development 13 times.
The CMC turbine spare parts that graph 13 IHI develops (left: Jing Yi, right: Move a wing) in CMC, use the CVI that be called normally (Chemical Vapor Infiltration, gas phase macerate) production method, make in the aggrandizement fiber fabric of three-dimensional appearance raw material gas is inside high temperature furnace flow and make pottery and porcelain grows. This processing need is long, become the barrier that reduces cost. As rise grow the method of speed, solid photograph and the macerate with medium fluid already were regarded as to rise by the attempt grow the method of rate, but produce the matrix that has as identical as CVI strength hard it seems that. Another problem, prevent to issue fiber oxidation to form interfacial coating in high temperature environment. Change to make CMC turbine part economic, need overcomes these pottery and porcelain to make a task. GE company announces, spare parts of the burner of the GE9X engine that new generation carries on 777X of Boeing of wide system plane, turbine will use CMC. This one challenge of GE, hopeful stimulates the CMC industry that will participate in a foundation to develop for years, drive the amplification of corresponding market. GE is like a graph in the development state of affairs of CMC respect 14 are shown.
The course of research and development that ministry of turbine of CMC of company of graph 14 GE tastes 5. The last word is in the article, we basically introduced the issue related to material of CFRP/CMC main body and workmanship. The aftertreatment after main body is made (machine treatment, stick receive, besmear outfit, examine etc) , the structure is designed (stress / test of sex of scathing analysis, content, database compose is built etc) the problem that a lot of need are solved. The CFRP fan component of low cost and CMC turbine component will be the market of hopeful. The application to CFRP of fan of big contain path, CMC application to high temperature turbine is expanding, the times that believes “ makes aircraft engine ” with charcoal and pottery and porcelain can come before long. On village of bibliographical reference 1) , cheng Tian, reach plain: IHI ability , vol.53, no.4, 2013, pp63-67 2)H. Scheugenpflug: ISABE 2013, sept. , 2013, invited Lecture, 3)M. Mecham: Aviation Week&Space Technology, july 9, 2012, webpage of Pp74-76 4)GKN company: The village in Http://www.gkn.com/ 5) , , become today, Ha former, shi Qi: IHI ability , vol.53, no.4, 2013, ト of イ of サ of ブ of ッ of ェ of ウ of Pp34-37 6)GE company: Http://www.geaviation.com/
