What is the natural stuff that you know the tenacity on the world is at present highest? The answer is —— Darwinian the thread of a spider web.
Before before long, shandong universityInk.php? Pk=6496dee38e9f0920274e7280&b=aHR0cHM6Ly9tcC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tL3M/X19iaXo9TXpBM05USXlPRFV6TkE9PSZtaWQ9MjY0OTcxMDcxOSZpZHg9MSZzbj03NDgwMTQyNGY5ZmM0NjBlNTI2ZWExN2IwYjlmN2E3YyZjaGtzbT04NzY4NzQ2NmIwMWZmZDcwMjg4MTMxMTJiMTk4MjQyOGQ4MzRiZmFmODc3NDc2NmUyMTc2ODIxNzdkNmQ2NTIyODJlYjdjMDZiNzllJnNjZW5lPTI3&bcode=0c986d2f&target=_new" target="_blank" > Wang Xu Jiao Shou Tuan Dui Yan Zhi Chu Yi Zhong Dan Xing Ti , its tenacity is 3.4 times of the thread of a spider web more Darwinian, Make the tenacity of stretch material formal stride GJm 3 times. The name of this elastomer calls SPUU-DA, contain fragrant base acyl amine and acyl amine base Niao radical is round.
Graph | Wang Xu (origin: Ink.php? Pk=6496dee38e9f0920274e7280&b=aHR0cHM6Ly9tcC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tL3M/X19iaXo9TXpBM05USXlPRFV6TkE9PSZtaWQ9MjY0OTcxMDcxOSZpZHg9MSZzbj03NDgwMTQyNGY5ZmM0NjBlNTI2ZWExN2IwYjlmN2E3YyZjaGtzbT04NzY4NzQ2NmIwMWZmZDcwMjg4MTMxMTJiMTk4MjQyOGQ4MzRiZmFmODc3NDc2NmUyMTc2ODIxNzdkNmQ2NTIyODJlYjdjMDZiNzllJnNjZW5lPTI3&bcode=0c986d2f&target=_new" target="_blank" > Wang Xu ）
In the meantime, SPUU-DA elastomer still has the real fracture stress that is as high as 2.3GPa, assembled the multiple function such as sex of tall flexibility, tall drawing, impact resistance.
Notable is, what this kind of elastomer place uses preparation is politic, can exceed pliable but strong to exceed molecular polymer and high polymer material to bring certain guidance for the design.
On applied foreground, SPUU-DA can be used at high-powered composite material, fight the domain such as elastomer of report of polymer of concussion coating, Gao Ren, interpose.
Institute of paper of no less than demonstrates in that way, when use elastomer includes Fu glass, can form a kind organic - inorganic composite material.
Fall result of ball concussion test shows, this are politic can glass fight concussion ability to raise 13 times above at least. Result of test of the concussion that place weight shows, the blow energy of SPUU-DA elastomer is absorbed for 21.2±7.8 J, impact strength is 1699±638.5kJm 2, and can have amortize effect to high speed mobile.
In the meantime, because SPUU-DA is a kind thermoplastic material, because this is OK deliquescent in organic dissolvent, implementation departs and can reclaim very easily.
Additional, use in research exceed agent of molecular enlarge catenary to also can serve as exceed molecular additive, in order to be used at to other data add pliable but strong. In order to contain 1, 4- Ding Erchun (enlarge catenary agent) polyurethane is exemple, should join be less than 4wt. Of % when exceeding molecular additive, the function of pliable but strong of polyurethane is raised 50 times above. At the same time a few additive can not give original production technology to bring an influence, because this is had taller practical. (complier notes: Wt% is weight (quality) the unit of percentage, represent weight comparing and a kind of proportion that material holds mixture. )
In addition, below the circumstance that is 1kHz when frequency, SPUU-DA has the tall dielectric constant of 9.33, and the tangent of loss of low interpose report of 0.04 is worth. This means it to latent capacity becomes the elastomer of report of special type interpose that has high carrying capacity.
The most important is, This group discovers the fault deserves to exceed an element to add strategy of pliable but strong to also apply to polyamide system, and this will enlarge its to use range further.
(origin: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. )
How to come true thermoplastic of elastomer add pliable but strong?
With respect to the setting of this second research: Mix by right of higher integral performance can reclaim quality, thermoplastic elastomer is used extensively at project of medicine of national defence industry, biology to mix flexible a lot of domain such as electronic parts.
Thermoplastic elastomer, have soft hard paragraph of separate structure. And this kind of unique structure is OK restrospect to is contained soft hard paragraph of polyurethane of two-phase (30 time synthesize 20 centuries first) .
To material, tenacity is basic and main mechanical function index, it is representing material to be in happen to plasticity is out of shape and rupture the ability that energy draws in the process.
Below this kind of circumstance, raise the tenacity of material further, become the scientific research heat of the domain such as chemistry and material.
Since 1990, academic discovery should introduce after transcending molecular action right amountly, physical cross-linking network can be formed in polymer structure, this can promote material energy dissipation undertakes under outer force, raise the tenacity of material significantly thereby.
Exceed molecular radical as a kind yuan, 2- Niao base - ketone of pyrimidine of 4 [1H] - (UPy, 2-ureido-4 [1H] -pyrimidinone) , already was used extensively at elastomer add pliable but strong. Those who be based on fourfold hydrogen key is distinctive 2 get together change, one dimension pile, UPy can simplify the design that Gao Ren exceeds molecular elastomer, the " that can optimize high polymer material is designed - structure - function " concerns.
However, this kind is secured 2 get together the structure that body changes, be in however aeriform in added pliable but strong to set a " ceiling to material " , although use UPy to add the method of pliable but strong, the tenacity of elastomer is less than 400MJm 3 from beginning to end.
In recent years, the academia begins to change the look to those who be not particularity to exceed molecular radical yuan, for instance acyl amine base acid of ester of pear of hill of Niao, different, establish. Get together more through forming the means of body, will realize those who exceed molecular material to add pliable but strong, the elastomer that lets preparation tenacity be controlled in 600MJm 3 thereby becomes a possibility.
But, this group discovers this is planted not particularity of controlled controlled blame is multiple union, may cause exceeding to exceed molecular pile. When the master piece outside getting is used, produce solution very hard to leave recombine aux will be able to to measure seasonable dissipation to go out.
Theory will tell, if can accurate adjusting control exceeds molecular radical yuan blame particularity is united in wedlock, exceed an element to combine intensity and energy dissipation with respect to what can balance material, raise the tenacity of elastomer thereby.
Be based on this, this task group formulates a kind of new strategy: Use tigidity and flexible exceed the fault that forms between molecular extract to deserve to transcend molecular action, will come true thermoplastic of elastomer add pliable but strong. Through adjusting control this kind of fault deserves to transcend molecular action, can be in do not sacrifice below intensity and stretch circumstance, undertake effective dissipation to energy.
(origin: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. )
For test and verify this one strategy, they were synthesized a series of elastomer. Result discovery: Rigidder than be being contained only or the photograph is flexible the elastomer that exceeds molecular part, the elastomer that has part of Gang Rouchao element has taller tenacity.
A few days ago, relevant paper with " use firm - soft exceed molecular extract synergism to develop Gao Ren the gender is thermoplastic elastomer " (Ink.php? Pk=6496dee38e9f0920274e7280&b=aHR0cHM6Ly9tcC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tL3M/X19iaXo9TXpBM05USXlPRFV6TkE9PSZtaWQ9MjY0OTcxMDcxOSZpZHg9MSZzbj03NDgwMTQyNGY5ZmM0NjBlNTI2ZWExN2IwYjlmN2E3YyZjaGtzbT04NzY4NzQ2NmIwMWZmZDcwMjg4MTMxMTJiMTk4MjQyOGQ4MzRiZmFmODc3NDc2NmUyMTc2ODIxN–Flexible Supramolecular Segment Interplays) the hair that it is a problem is in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (IF 16.8) go up, wang Lu is made the same score is the first author, Ink.php? Pk=6496dee38e9f0920274e7280&b=aHR0cHM6Ly9tcC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tL3M/X19iaXo9TXpBM05USXlPRFV6TkE9PSZtaWQ9MjY0OTcxMDcxOSZpZHg9MSZzbj03NDgwMTQyNGY5ZmM0NjBlNTI2ZWExN2IwYjlmN2E3YyZjaGtzbT04NzY4NzQ2NmIwMWZmZDcwMjg4MTMxMTJiMTk4MjQyOGQ4MzRiZmFmODc3NDc2NmUyMTc2ODIxNzdkNmQ2NTIyODJlYjdjMDZiNzllJnNjZW5lPTI3&bcode=0c986d2f&target=_new" target="_blank" > Wang Xu Dan Ren Tong Xun Zuo Zhe [1] .
Graph | Relevant paper (origin: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. )
Speak of from the " of " armor bodyguard of data group
In research, the Wang Lu that holds the position of a paper to be made is smooth, from the preparation proceed with of polyurethane Niao elastomer, lend this open the exploration on high-powered elastomer.
Task group attention pulls " to get together to triumphant husband to benzene 2 armour acyl is opposite benzene 2 amine " , have very high strength, can be used as ballproof garment material. In weaponry domain, it is " of bodyguard of armor of the " that be called more. The high strenth of this kinds of material basically originates: Contain in its element but reduplicative is rigid fragrant base acyl amine structure is unit.
Notice this group imagines after this: If introduce this kind of structure in polyurethane elastomer, or the tenacity that can promote material greatly.
Accordingly, they are in look lock surely pull structural radical with triumphant husband yuan similar rigid element 4, acyl of 2 amino benzene replaces 4'- on aniline, pass with flexible element oneself 2 acid 2 acyl hydrazine is tie-in, form what the fault matchs to transcend molecular action, introduce then in polymer matrix.
Above all, through devising recipe and many test, the tall feasibility of this second task gets test and verify. Subsequently, task group comes through the experiment the scale with best ascertain, final discovery mixes when rigid constituent flexible the scale of constituent is 1: 1 when, the polymer that preparation comes out has taller mechanical property. Among them, the elastomer with best function is SPUU-DA.
Then, they adopt many token measure again, to its mechanism of freeboard pliable but strong has make a thorough inquiry. Show scanning to measure the method such as hot law and academic imitate through diffraction of ray of scattering of ray of small part X, X, difference, complementary in order to be aimed at dissipation can token, confirmed following theory: The tall tenacity of SPUU-DA elastomer, basically result from the fault inside molecular structure deserves to transcend molecular action.
Finally, task group synthesizes a series of elastomer again, politic to this feasibility undertakes iteration test and verify. Use its at polyamide system again, the general comfortable sex of this one strategy gets test and verify thereby.
Current, refuse the application that concussion defends in the light of high strenth, this group has obtained relatively good progress, already used its at the coating of solar battery of mine of preparation calcic titanium.
This coating is had tall transparent, fight percussive character, the contact of the core constituent that prevents cell of calcic titanium mine effectively and moisture, oxygen and dirt, improve the stability of this kinds of batteries and service life greatly thereby.
Additional it is reported, be not balance high polymer isInk.php? Pk=6496dee38e9f0920274e7280&b=aHR0cHM6Ly9tcC53ZWl4aW4ucXEuY29tL3M/X19iaXo9TXpBM05USXlPRFV6TkE9PSZtaWQ9MjY0OTcxMDcxOSZpZHg9MSZzbj03NDgwMTQyNGY5ZmM0NjBlNTI2ZWExN2IwYjlmN2E3YyZjaGtzbT04NzY4NzQ2NmIwMWZmZDcwMjg4MTMxMTJiMTk4MjQyOGQ4MzRiZmFmODc3NDc2NmUyMTc2ODIxNzdkNmQ2NTIyODJlYjdjMDZiNzllJnNjZW5lPTI3&bcode=0c986d2f&target=_new" target="_blank" > Wang Xu De Yan Jiu Fang Xiang Zhi Yi . He expresses, from the point of physico-chemical angle, the high polymer system with hep people, mostly controlled at classical thermodynamic principle, be under the thermodynamic balance state with the smallest energy is OK keep stable. Once systematic balance is built, all parameter will change along with time no longer.
Actually, the life system in nature is not abide by such running mechanism. Contrary, life system is general and controlled at dissipation thermodynamic, the abidance that must rely on outside fuel or energy is inputted, ability maintains the pattern of instantaneous.
So, to blame balance system, under the blame balance state that it runs in high-energy quantity from beginning to end, all parameter can present a periodic change along with time. Only such, ability keeps the active structure inside life style, realize corresponding complex function.
And the blame that this group place studies balances high polymer system, its unique part depends on adopting the dissipation system of drive of the energy in imitate nature, with copy unripe means construction is not balance system, design then a series of get used to material oneself. As the change of outside ambient, the action of these material and function also can undertake conscious adjustment, answer and repair.
This shows, build and study this kind of blame to balance a system, can be not only announce the mechanism that life style Central Africa assembles evenly offers new view, main effect is produced in also can be being designed and developing field of data of relevant and new-style intelligence. Be based on this, task group also will develop more thorough research.
Reference material:
1.Luping Wang, loNgfei Guo, kaiqiang Zhang, yuguo Xia, jingcheng Hao, xu Wang* . Development Of Tough Thermoplastic Elastomers By Leveraging Rigid–Flexible Supramolecular Segment Interplays. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, e202301762.