Composite material has colophony radical light qualitative excel in, fight fatigue, anti-corrosive, but whole shapes wait for a characteristic, because this is applied extensively at aerospace domain. With composite material replaces colophony radical metallic stuff can make the plane decreases heavy 10%~40% , and cost of its structure design also can reduce 15%~30% . From 20 centuries 80 time rise, composite material is added gradually in the application of civil aviation domain much, 1980, composite material is in empty guest (Airbus) the application on the A300/310 plane of the company is occupied only make an appointment with 8 % , go up in A380 plane subsequently, 25% what promotion reachs the dosage of composite material to hold structural weight about, and current A350The composite material dosage on XWB plane already rose to make an appointment with 52 % even.
Use the mark sex model of big airlines as business, a large number of structures on Airbus A380 plane used carbon fiber composite material (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics, CFRP) , combine advanced integration to design train of thought at the same time, and automatic shop is taken (Automated Tape Laying, ATL) , spread silk automatically (Automated Fiber Placement, AFP) wait for high automation method to undertake production, in order to achieve the result of stability of efficient, high quality, if pursue,1 is shown.
The composite material on graph 1 Airbus A380 is large integral part
relatively at heating up solid sex composite material, thermoplastic composite material has tenacity tall, concussion injures good, fatigue intensity tolerance is tall, shape to store cycle weak point, easily, can reclaim wait for an advantage. As Europe thermoplastic economy but endurance aviation advocate structure (Thermoplastic Affordable Primary Aircraft Structure, TAPAS) , TAPAS 2, clean sky (Clean Sky) , of a series of plans such as Clean Sky 2 roll out in succession, civil aviation structure is right sex of the economy of aviation material, environmental protection raised taller requirement, thermoplastic the central point that composite material makes research and application accordingly. Graph 2 for high-powered thermoplastic composite material applies medium development course in civil aviation, can see, high-powered thermoplastic it is important that composite material is sent more in the position in civil aviation application, expression increases ceaselessly for the sort of material, applied place and configuration become diversiform, and gradually from second bear force structure to advocate bear force structure develops.
Graph 2 high-powered thermoplastic composite material develops course mediumly in civil aviation application
Current, on international high-powered thermoplastic manufacturer of composite material production basically includes Holand Fokker (already was bought by British GKN now) , TenCate (already was bought by Japanese Toray now) , lab of aerospace of country of DTC, Holand (NLR) , european Union Airbus, belgian Solvay, german Evonik, american Boeing, Cytec (already was bought by Belgian Solvay now) , Hexcel, Ticona, Fiberforge, japanese Teijin. Through development of a few years, formed of a series of commercialization thermoplastic colophony, beforehand the material brand such as dip makings. Among them, enhance material to basically include carbon fiber (Carbon Fiber, CF) , fibre glass (Glass Fiber, GF) wait; High-powered thermoplastic colophony matrix basically includes to get together benzene sulfur aether (Polyphenylene Sulfide, PPS) , get together fragrant aether ketone (Poly Aryl Ether Ketone, PAEK) , get together ether aether ketone (Poly Etherether Ketone, PEEK) , get together ether ketone ketone (Poly Ether Ketone Ketone, PEKK) , get together ether acyl inferior amine (Polyetherimide, PEI) wait; Beforehand dip makings basically has TenCate Cetex series, Solvay APC series, Teijin Tenax series to wait. The article basically sums up domain of foreign civil aviation in advanced thermoplastic the applied circumstance of composite material, for home thermoplastic the applied direction of composite material provides reference.
Get together benzene sulfur aether composite material
PPS is one of typical delegates with special type plastic project, molecular structure is the linear structure that benzene annulus and sulfur atom are linked together alternately and becomes. On agglomeration state structure, PPS crystallizes easily, crystallization is spent near 70% , accordingly, have good thermal stability, change
Learn stability and dimension stability to wait. PPS basically is had the following the performance dominant position of 5 respects.
(1) superior heat-resisting performance. PPS melting point exceeds 280 ℃ , heat is out of shape temperature exceeds 260 ℃ , and the intensity after be being handled via exorbitant and tepid ageing maintains rate is higher.
(2) from anti-flammability. PPS oneself has anti-flammability, do not add fire retardant flame retardant level can reach UL94 V—0 level.
(3) good mechanical performance. PPS belongs to brittleness material, have be able to bear or endure goodly creep function, exterior hardness is tall, have good wearability, as compound as the material such as carbon fiber, still show good self-lubricating quality.
(4) be able to bear or endure exceedingly goodly chemistry is corroded, be able to bear or endure irradiation function. PPS is under 200 ℃ scarcely dissolve at any dissolvent, ability suffers almost all mineral, anti-radiant dosage is as high as 108Gy.
(5) good treatment performance. PPS fuse-element viscosity is inferior, regard the colophony of composite material as matrix, admirable to enhancing the result of soak of going from place to place of body.
Because PPS has above performance advantage, and relatively at other high-powered thermoplastic colophony has the characteristic with easy treatment, low cost again, because this is become,make the admirable colophony matrix of composite material. At present commercial PPS beforehand dip makings basically reachs Fiberforge company to offer by TenCate company, uses colophony raw material originates the brand of PPS Fortron series of Ticona company, the Cetex TC1100 PPS of TenCate company is thermoplastic composite material is mechanical function is shown 1 times like the watch. Include roof beam of seat wearing, bracket, keel, costal region, fixed ala, empennage, air inlet duct, interior trim to wait of all kinds what regard colophony as matrix with PPS is thermoplastic composite material structure received wide application in civil aviation domain, if express,2 are shown.
Watch 1 Cetex TC1100 PPS is thermoplastic composite material is mechanical function
Composite material of watch 2 PPS basically uses type and position
Fokker company used GF/PPS composite material to make wing leading edge for plane of empty guest A340, apply on A380 type again after, if pursue,3 are shown. As bear force structure, this structure pledges for aluminium alloy material formerly, through optimizing thermoplastic composite material welder art, replace successfully for GF/PPS composite material, came true to reduce heavy goal considerably. In the meantime, fokker company still plans product of composite material of PPS of the generation below development, use CF to increase, if Gulfstream G650 and Dassault F5X business operate with jet aircraft rear,make face.
(A) wing leading edge is outside (B) structure of interior of wing leading edge
The GF/PPS of plane of graph 3 Airbus A380 is thermoplastic leading edge of composite material wing
Fokker company uses CF/PPS thermoplastic composite material, the rudder of plane of production Gulfstream G650 and elevator, if pursue,4 are shown. Beforehand the Cetex series that dip makings introduces TenCate company, colophony is the Fortron PPS of Ticona company. Use thermoplastic composite material replaces structure of interlining of composite material of former epoxy resin, its weight is reduced about 10% , cost is reduced about 20% . Fokker company depends on this thermoplastic the induction of composite material rudder and elevator solders the technology was obtained 2010 JEC aviation kind innovation large award.
Graph the CF/PPS that 4 Fokker company develops is thermoplastic face of composite material helm
Can use solder the technology has link, it is thermoplastic one of main reasons that composite material gets be developinged energetically on aviation structure. Use solder to receive connective kind, avoided to assemble bore the influence of mechanical to composite material function, reduced the use of fastener, reduced a construction considerably thereby weight and assemble cost. Center of German space navigation (DLR) light bulkhead of the pressure after quantifying manufacturing technology center to used resistance welding technology to make new A320 aircraft is revealed. The place of the innovation of this technology depends on using carbon fiber knot to replace former gauze as resistor component, solder through bent metal “ bridge ” uses force, solder component of 8 CF/PPS composite material rise, if pursue,5 are shown.
(A) hind form of join of pressure cabin wall (B) hind spare parts of pressure cabin wall
CF/PPS of plane of graph 5 Airbus A320 is thermoplastic bulkhead of the pressure after composite material is revealed
The airframe join horn of A350 piece the Cetex CF/PPS of use TenCate company is thermoplastic beforehand dip makings, use hot pressing craft to shape, if the graph is shown 6 times, the part that whole airframe uses piece the amount can amount to thousands of. This beforehand the Tenax of company of dip makings use Teijin is thermoplastic carbon fiber fabric serves as strengthen put oneself in another's position, the characteristic is use PEEK as the size agent of carbon fiber. This technology regards the core of Teijin company as the technology, avoided thermoplastic before composite material shapes go oar processing, improved fiber and sex of resinous interface cohere. Teijin company built in Europe produce per year 1700t thermoplastic product line of colophony size carbon fiber, develop a PEEK, PEKK, PPS to wait then thermoplastic one-way beforehand dip material.
CF/PPS of plane of graph 6 Airbus A350 is thermoplastic horn of join of composite material airframe piece
Aircraft engine is short cabin hanger is thermoplastic the key place of composite material application, if pursue 7 (A) be shown. A340 aircraft engine is short face of cabin condole pocket watch by 12 kinds, in all 22 skin texture is enclothed, all use CF/PPS material to make. Structural length 700~1400mm, width 200~400mm, ply 2.8mm, have exterior of complex double curvature, exterior laid has prevent film of surface of net of copper of be struck by lightning, if pursue 7 (B) be shown.
(A) short cabin hanger (B) envelope of short cabin hanger
Engine of aircraft of graph 7 Airbus A340 is short cabin hanger
By French Daher company bear the engine of aircraft of empty guest A380 that make is short cabin hanger envelope, if pursue,8 are shown. This structure is one of envelope of hanger of on A380 aircraft engine 50 short cabin, use material of TenCate Cetex TC1100 CF/PPS to make. This material is divided have exceedingly good tenacity and corrosion resistance besides, still have from extinguish anti-flammability, can use punch craft to shape, thereby great rose to shape efficiency.
Engine of aircraft of graph 8 Airbus A380 is short cabin hanger envelope
