Current, global industry catenary supplies catenary to adjust present a digitlization, green to change, area is changed, the new feature such as diversity, the quality that uses foreign capital to our country and level raised taller requirement. In new development level high quality uses foreign capital to need more solid and powerful design carrying a layer on the head, open train of thought and the method measure that have specific aim more. Want base oneself upon new development phase, carry out compose of new development concept, service to build new development structure, in perfect management system, optimize investment climate, promotion to serve a level on many a little bit to send force, open with Gao Shuiping attract the whole world resource of high grade element, use foreign capital to promote catenary of our country industry to supply the modern level of catenary better.
Party
20 big reports put forward, “ advances Gao Shuiping to open to the outside world, enlarge regular, compasses to make steadily, the system such as management, standard open, accelerate construction trade powerful nation, drive build ‘ to be taken in all all the way ’ high quality develops, safeguard multivariate and steady international economy pattern and ” of classics trade relationship. Current, global industry catenary supplies catenary to adjust present a digitlization, green to change, area is changed, the new feature such as diversity, the quality that uses foreign capital to our country and level raised taller requirement. Enter new development phase, need understands the change that daedal international environment and home basically contradict deeply, build new development structure with compose to lead, innovation uses foreign capital means, enlarge market admittance continuously, attract foreign capital more actively, exert oneself promotes a foreign trader investment quality benefit, drive conformity of global resource deepness and market space efficient use, use foreign capital to drive Gao Shuiping to open to the outside world with high quality.
Global industry catenary supplies the new trend of catenary pattern
(one) digitlization leads global industry layout
The rate that global industry catenary supplies catenary to digitlize transition to make the demand of semiconductor chip is having no before rises. According to international semiconductor association (SEMI) 2022 forecast, 8 years global semiconductor income will grow tomorrow 2.1 times. Current, position of technology and system drive industry replaces the share the cost of global limits and efficiency drive investment that cross a state, below the overlay of industrial allowance policy, global value catenary is concentrated model the industry promotes from the motivation of developed country of circumfluence of ” of “ cost flat. According to " the whole world invested a report 2022 " statistic, flow direction developed 2021 the foreign capital amplitude of economic system is amounted to 134% , system of the economy in development of apparent prep above the amplitude of 30% . Among them, the global foreign capital of domain of news report of electric equipment, news flows into the electron continue to increase, become attract greenbelt to invest two most branches. Those who be in the United States " chip and scientific act " , of the European Union " chip act " wait for directional allowance policy drive below, project of a few production may choose to be in developed country be born.
(2) green of influence of industrial structural adjustment develops
In recent years, the exit of burgeoning economy system such as India, Vietnam adds fast expression to highlight, carbolic discharge capacity is climbed quickly also litre. According to world bank statistic, 2010—2020 year, the amplitude of carbolic discharge capacity of India, Vietnam, Indonesia is achieved respectively 47.97% , 122.24% with 49.17% . On the whole, industrial carbon discharges intensity and technology complex degree presents “ to pour U ” relation: The unit carbon that the low technology such as manufacturing industry of line of business of spin dress dress, furniture spends an industry thick and fast discharges intensity inferior, the technology in waiting spends goods of metallic treatment, industrial chemicals thick and fast unit carbon of the industry discharges intensity taller, the unit carbon that the computer corresponds and the hi-tech such as manufacturing industry of other electron equipment, instrument bearing manufacturing industry spends an industry thick and fast discharges intensity inferior. The developing country still is in climb to link of value catenary high end litre, especially the carbolic discharge capacity of Vietnam, India is in rapid growth phase, the adjustment of foreign capital structure and industrial structure upgrades to cause the implementation that to its “ carbon neutralizes ” goal certain effect.
(3) not certain factor increases bring about investment friendly bank to change
Not stable not certain factor increases international environment urge a company new balance safety and cost factor produce the opposite effect in layout in global production, transnational corporation stems from avoid risk to consider, reach circumfluence of partial core business native land, or choose the area with as more adjacent as homeland, more convenience collaboration. Release according to Asian Development Bank " Asian economic integration reports 2022 " show, asia-Pacific area the commerce share between each economy system rises to the top level since 1990, 58.5% what take this area total volume of trade. In addition, bureau of American economy analysis (BEA) data shows, 2017—2021 year, the United States is mixed to Canada of Mexico invest directly external (OFDI) portion from 7.7% rise to 8.8% , the OFDI portion to G7 country from 25.3% pick up to 28.8% ; The United States already rose continuously to OFDI portion of India old, but sufferred epidemic situation influence to drop 2020 apparent, picked up 2021 to 0.7% .
(4) ground fringe politics thinks promote investment diversity
According to " the world invests a report 2022 " announce data to calculate, 2016—2019 year, global foreign trader invests directly (FDI) destination is spent centrally (with He Fen the index that amount to Er is mirrorred) from 0.079 drop 0.062, international investment presents diversity feature. But picked up 2020 to 0.134 (fall after a rise came 2021 0.088) . Basically suffer effect of new coronal epidemic situation, FDI dropped considerably 2020, develop especially economic system absorbed FDI to drop 69% , and East Asia area creates base by the whole world of China, Japan, Korea and composition of southeast Asia country, take the lead in answering in this epidemic situation firm, efficient answer produce go back to work, FDI is centered to area of East Asia, South Asia. The uncertainty concussion such as crisis of new coronal epidemic situation, Wu Kelan exposes a global industry catenary to supply the frangibility with immanent catenary further, each country is produced in crucial domain can layout admiral adds right fringe politics element think, to more the way of diversity develops.
Our country high quality uses foreign capital
The opportunity that face and challenge
(one) global industry catenary supplies catenary pattern to adjust the opportunity that increased our country to use foreign capital
Rapid development attracts 1. number economy foreign capital is flowed into
Industrial catenary supplies catenary to digitlize transition to developed a level to raise taller requirement to economy of the digital infrastructure of each country, number, perfect digital infrastructure will increase the appeal of pair of international capital. World bank data shows, 2010—2020 year, our country every 100 person broadbands install a measure from 9.23 increase to 33.6, already was close to the United States 36.61 34.49 with Japan, opposite at India (1.66) , Vietnam (17.16) , Mexico (17.01) , Indonesia (4.29) wait for developing country advantage apparent. In addition, dimensions of economy of our country number grows quickly, go to 45.5 trillion yuan of 2021 from 262 million yuan of growth 2005, the proportion that holds GDP from 14.2% increase to 39.8% . Data of national statistic bureau shows, 2012—2019 year, our country computer, communication and manufacturing industry of other electron equipment use foreign capital to occupy than from 16.13% increase to 18.38% ; 2012—2020 year, information is transmitted, computer service and software industry use foreign capital to occupy than from 5.60% increase to 14.65% , but mixed 2021 dropped respectively 2022 to 8.54% with 11.11% , occupy than somewhat fall after a rise.
Advantage of 2. clean the sources of energy promotes prospective foreign capital to flow into latent capacity
From will for a long time look, the bitter fleabane break out of energy field exhibits Chinese cleanness to flow into promotion future foreign capital latent capacity. Arrange of international the sources of energy (IEA) the report shows, investment of global the sources of energy grew 18% 2022, reach 2.6 trillion dollar, growth basically comes from clean energy field. September 2022, international but the report that arrange of second birth the sources of energy and international Labour Organization issue jointly shows, 2021 the whole world but station of work of second birth the sources of energy achieves 12.7 million, 42% what China holds global sum total, reserve of enough green technology qualified personnel will attract foreign capital of clean energy field to flow into. In addition, china is related the clean the sources of energy such as batteries of smooth hot season, high capacity the industry is supplied dominant place is taken in catenary, what will not neutralize ” goal as “ carbon is impendent, what show cost effectiveness of showing clean the sources of energy to will become China to attract foreign capital to flow into gradually is new compare a dominant position.
3. exceeds ” of stabilizer of wholesale market “ to increase pair of foreign capital appeal
As international environment not stable uncertainty increases, transnational corporation values product source and the vicinity that sell the land more. The adjacent sex of market of stable and reliable spending, accessibility more and more those who make international investment is important think. China owns the most complete property system and transcend wholesale single market, this kind of produce and sale the double dominant position of two end is other the country is short-term replace hard. Expand of medium income crowd continuously as home, demand latent capacity will be released further. Bulletin of statistic of foreign capital of calendar year China shows, 2015—2021 year, manufacturing industry of our country hi-tech, hi-tech serves what course of study draws foreign capital to occupy score to fasten from 23.80% and 9.72% increase 35.75% with 28.44% , the structure that with the service course of study uses foreign capital is in manufacturing industry to be optimized ceaselessly. Our country exceeded wholesale market dominant position to provide rich applied setting, will conduce to the appeal that raises pair of foreign capital from demand end, structure of stimulative foreign capital upgrades.
Industry of 4. form a complete set is relatively all ready, to carry on foreign capital provides a basis
China is the nation that the whole world owns system of the wholest the most large-scale industry. In list of before the 2021 financial year that malic company announces 200 big suppliers, chinese mainland supplier exceeds 50. The developing country such as India, Vietnam remains setting of ” of “ assembly line, the ” of “ industry group that the hi-tech industry catenary such as medicine of integrated circuit of and rather than, artificial intelligence, biology supplies catenary to need setting, link of industrial catenary key still exists to China bigger depend on, these countries are short-term inside the position in replacing China to produce a network in the whole world hard. The economic complexity index that haing Buddha university publishs (ECI) show, 2000—2020 year, chinese ECI from 0.43 increase to 1.3, already pulled open apparently with India (0.42) , Vietnam (0.18) the difference that waits for a developing country, taller ECI means foreign capital to find the relevant support industry that matchs to it more easily in China. But also need to notice, partial industry foreign capital has outside change trend, property of form a complete set is right of foreign capital agglutinant still have farther promotion space.
Difference of the gift between 5. area provides a space for move of foreign capital gradient
Show gradually as dimensions of the cost advantage of our country center-west region, market, the quality of a batch of element that is a delegate with Chongqing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Xi'an tall, area the important node that the city of center of ministry of Chinese and Western that the condition actors or actress becomes the whole nation and even whole world to supply catenary system, offerred advantage to form reasonable and orderly foreign trader to invest layout. Data of national statistic bureau shows, 2016—2019 year, foreign capital flows into portion to have the tendency that transfers to ministry of Chinese and Western from the eastpart part, area of the eastpart part is occupied than from 78.15% drop 74.99% , mid, western occupy score to fasten from 8.11% arrive with 7.72% growth 9.32% with 9.89% . Foreign investment occupied area of the eastpart part to come than picking up 2020 77.73% , because,basically be " harbor of Hainan free trade builds overall program " wait for high level commerce and investment advantage to change measure to be rolled out in succession, promoted foreign capital to flow into. System of our country industry is complete, gradient of the industry between area is apparent, conduce to form it is forerunner with area of the eastpart part, drive mid, western, northeast area high quality uses foreign capital open to the outside world situation.
(2) the challenge that global industry catenary supplies catenary pattern to adjust our country to use foreign capital to bring
Policy of 1. developed country industry intervenes foreign capital is flowed into
The United States put forward in August 2022 " chip and scientific act " , included to face the allowance of 52 billion dollar of semiconductor manufacturing industry, the company that offers “ to prohibit obtaining federal fund is in China considerably increase production is advanced the chip that make Cheng, deadline is 10 years of ” . Other develop economic system also rolled out corresponding industrial policy, for example of the European Union " chip act " , of Korea " semiconductor special law " wait. In addition, of the United States " inflation cuts a way " , of the European Union " bill of trade of only odd-job man " put forward car of smooth to solar energy hot season, new energy resources to wait for clean energy field to offer production, technology subsidy, but need to satisfy producing area to restrict a principle. For example, " inflation cuts a way " the requirement is in 2023 batteries component from the United States or sign the country from trade agreement to get a quantity to be more than 50% ability to win subsidy with the United States. Policy of these discrimination sex industry may destroy global industry catenary to supply catenary stability, change in digitlization, green especially wait for main field, need those who pay close attention to its to use foreign capital to our country high quality to disturb.
2. developing country carries on foreign capital is passed among taste an entrance to cause carbon to discharge
According to the STAN database statistic of OECD, 2003—2018 year, our country brings the domestic carbon that send to discharge to exit of India, Vietnam, Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia respectively from 1 million tons 9.8, 1 million tons 6.9, 1 million tons 15.4, 1 million tons 12.4, 1 million tons 11.3, mushroom reachs 1 million tons 85.6, 1 million tons 57.7, 1 million tons 54.7, 1 million tons 42.7, 1 million tons 40.8. In recent years, suffer policy of allowance of small labor cost, foreign capital to attract, a few transnational corporation produce partial low end link to come from our country move afore-mentioned countries, but taste among its depend on to our country entrance however bigger. For example, exit is tasted to occupy the 30%—40% that China exports to Vietnam among, and come from our country among taste entrance amount to occupy the half that entrance total amount tastes among Vietnam to control, the developing country such as India, Vietnam carried on value chain is small the foreign capital that carries segment turns, increased the carbon of our country to discharge through the mechanism is being conducted downstream on industrial catenary. Although Chinese raw material, technology, equipment or semi-manufactured goods — are imported in “ ,treatment of burgeoning economy system makes — export Euramerican consumption nation below the trade pattern of ” , the unit increases value carbon to discharge a likelihood to drop (depend on the intermediate unit carbon that tastes production is discharged) , but if among taste exit to add fast faster, the carbon that commerce causes discharges gross to still may increase, counteract ” target implementation to bring particular challenge to “ carbon thereby, should notice foreign capital move comes other developing country while discharge carbon stay in our country.
3. value chain is small the change outside carrying link foreign capital, seek ” of flat of new “ cost
As Chinese labor dominant position abate, industry of low additional cost gets the competitive pressure of country of area of and other places of southeast Asia, South Asia, transnational corporation seeks the manufacturing base beyond China, the cost advantage of other developing country is shown gradually, attracted more foreign capital to flow into. According to world bank statistic, 2010—2021 year, the foreign capital of Vietnam, India, Mexico is flowed into completely raise forty-four billion seven hundred and thirty-five million dollar, 15.66 billion dollar, thirty-one billion six hundred and twenty-one million dollar from twenty-seven billion three hundred and ninety-seven million dollar, 8 billion dollar, thirty billion five hundred and twenty-nine million dollar respectively. In addition, announce data computation according to Uncomtrade database, 2006—2020 year, cement of gesso of products of tobacco of drink of our country food, plastic rubber, wood, stone, the comparison of the industry such as cheap metal and its goods, instrument and equipment, accurate instrument and equipment the advantage drops somewhat, and the comparison of India, Vietnam in these industries the advantage rises faster. Although industrial gradient move, capital accords with external economy rule to flow of low cost area, but if low end change of industrial foreign capital has gone fast, high-end industry grows the element that industry of the change outside cannot be being absorbed effectively releases, or element quality cannot match with photograph of high-end industry foreign capital, will cause the amlposition of element structure and industrial structure.
4. United States supplies chain strategy to attempt to eliminate China to be besides network of vendor of its foreign capital
The United States put forward “ in supplying catenary to report but the concept of ” of date from sex, namely alleged “ raises those who supply chain to be able to inspect gender and standard to carry out ” . April 2022, american state level and technical academy (NIST) issue a report " support makes supply chain but the area of date from sex piece catenary and relevant technology: Demand and industry point of view " , the requirement supplies catenary not to use alleged “ to disobey human rights and labor standard ”“ to force the product of supplier of ” of labor ”“ sham product. American intent gives supply catenary division of labor to stick political label, manufacturing segment concentration considers as in its ally reasonable, manufacturing segment concentration criticises in blame ally its use “ to be not method of fair competition ” . Position of industry of current whole world is kneaded element of play chess of more strategy rich, below the setting that chafes in Sino-US commerce especially, the intention that western developed country builds “ to go to China changing ” to supply catenary system is apparent. Need vigilant United States to adopt information and communication technique (ICT) , of the occupation standard such as clean the sources of energy make, through “ but ” of date from sex uses the excuse such as standard of so called human rights, labor to eliminate China the supply in its transnational corporation besides catenary network.
High quality of our country of new development phase uses foreign capital
Train of thought and proposal
While global industry catenary supplies catenary to reframe to use foreign capital to bring new opportunity to our country high quality, also raised more risks and challenge, risk of wh some of which and the level sex rule that challenging is economic progress means cause, and additionally a few risks and challenge result from the world is main big country divides the work to strive for prospective whole world the classics trade rich that dominant authority place spreads out weichis. The risk of different type and the mechanism that challenge influence international investment reach his to answer politic existence difference, decided in new development level high quality uses foreign capital to need more solid and powerful design carrying a layer on the head, open train of thought and the method measure that have specific aim more. For this, want base oneself upon new development phase, carry out compose of new development concept, service to build new development structure, in perfect management system, optimize investment climate, promotion to serve a level on many a little bit to send force, open with Gao Shuiping attract the whole world resource of high grade element, use foreign capital to promote catenary of our country industry to supply the modern level of catenary better.
(one) aggrandizement industry catenary supplies catenary dominant position, drive foreign capital to invest mode innovation
Produce advantage of system of new-style the whole nation, tackle key problem crucial core technology, the own innovation that advances car of electronic information, new energy resources, clean the sources of energy to wait for domain new technology and primitive innovation, part of breakthrough of concentrated force quantity is most advanced technology. Through deepening manufacturing collaboration, technology collaboration promotes foreign capital enterprise to be opposite between the enterprise catenary of our country industry, supply catenary, innovation chain depend on. Encourage a foreign trader to invest the profit reinvest of the enterprise, exploration of company of investment of supportive semiconductor foreign trader passes churchyard reinvest, China and foreign countries joint-stock the unreasonable limitation that waits for country of way avoid beautiful west.
(2) advantage of catenary of entire industry of play cleanness energy, reduce foreign capital enterprise to produce cost
Use our country traditional the sources of energy integratedly to supply stable, clean the sources of energy to develop international of batteries of rapid, high capacity to precede wait for an advantage, attract enterprise of European advanced foreign capital to come to our country develop. In the meantime, the consideration gives the foreign capital company that uses clean the sources of energy certain revenue derate, the high cost that makes turn can the clean energy cost of foreign capital enterprise falls under fossil energy cost. On one hand, carry on high additional cost, opposite taller specific power consumption but the unit is auxiliary the industry with value inferior specific power consumption; On the other hand, use ingoing of foreign capital enterprise to quicken the pace of transition of the sources of energy. In addition, the whole world that advocates compose to build commerce to cause carbon decreases a mechanism in coordination, promote the intermediate application of low carbon technology in tasting manufacturing process, avoid other developing country to carry on pass after foreign capital among taste an entrance to cause our country carbon to discharge secondhand.
(3) play exceeds wholesale market dominant position, home of get through foreign capital blocks a dot up circularly
Use China to counterpoise in the speech on consumptive market, supply catenary this locality to change an advantage to induct car of semiconductor, new energy resources to wait through what ground of Chinese produce and sale is united in wedlock cheek by jowl strategical the foreign enterprise that burgeoning industry supplies catenary to go up comes China investment. With the city group, city circle construction is nodded for exert oneself, create new consumptive market, drive with the city group the group pattern that consumptive structure photograph matchs enrols business, with broad market gains profit rich and generously ability lives firmly foreign capital. Enlarge sex of the people's livelihood government spending, increase proportion of medium income crowd, release dweller terminal to consume latent capacity, implementation consumes a structure to upgrade, from demand end turns to form drawing to high-end industry foreign capital. The element of ” of a dish of chess configures “ of implementation whole nation as a whole, put an end to policy of privilege of each district capital attraction to compete to the inequity of element resource, optimize composition of foreign capital region, stimulative foreign capital realizes best configuration inside countrywide limits.
(4) insist to optimize battalion business environment, foreign capital of follow-up developed country supports policy
Safeguard foreign trader invests an enterprise lawfully equal and applicable country supports each policy and get the factor of production such as talent, capital, land, ensure the foreign trader invests an enterprise to participate in a government to purchase through fair competition lawfully, action bid activity. The key is strategical the foreign capital of industrial domain is used should increase industrial catenary to supply catenary safety and tenacity to think. Give aid to to each country the fore-and-aft industry policy of specific industry, the development level that essence of life follows to evaluate industrial catenary to have annulus red-letter day and exterior effect, drive the foreign capital that is in link of chain of industry of autumn, winter to be transferred external. The foreign capital of the link of long-term to be in, industrial catenary key that has more powerful exterior effect offers policy to support, other country revenue, talent introduces timely follow-up the favourable condition that waits for a respect, should wait for western developed country actively to be opposite to the United States of industry of our country hi-tech dozen pressure.
(5) invest new regulation actively to mark international, raise foreign capital to liberalize level
Join with active application " cross agreement of concern of Pacific Ocean associate with progress in the round " and " agreement of concern of digital economy associate " wait for agreement of trade of classics of Gao Shuiping international to be chance, use invest new regulation to mark international from go ahead of the rest of foretaste of trade test division, further tangible foreign capital is negative detailed list limits and limitative standard, simplify stated checkup element, quantify limitative condition as far as possible, add wild phase to close the diaphaneity that examines standard and way, implementation is in charge of ” to arrive by “ Yan Jinkuan “ is wide the administrative system change that takes canaliculus ” . Sum up Hainan to wait to be sold in finance, telegraphic, building, cent from trade test division from trade harbor, Shanghai, the domain of service line of business such as travel, traffic enlarges open successful experience, form what can duplicate to implement plan, popularize as soon as possible. Continue to deepen “ card to take detached ” reform, outside exploring eligible area limited partner (QFLP) , extremely brief examine and approve, treatment rise in value is duty-free wait for policy to enlarge pilot limits.
(6) with more open included state of mind begins the whole world to supply catenary and market cooperation
Begin international technology collaboration to create bigger action vacuum for our country. Continue to strengthen wait with Japan, Korea, Germany supply chain the classics trade connection of important country, increase its and China to supply catenary unhook cost, the big country of national play area such as esteem India, Brazil, Indonesian, Turkey the apiration of action. Perfect economy interest shares a mechanism, begin provide open sex, constructive technical standard communication more, raise what allow to Chinese mark on international to accept degree.
(7) stimulative foreign capital is transferred to center-west region gradient
Li quiet market and government are using the action border in foreign capital, play market is in foreign capital area the decisive action in the choice, make full use of each area is different gift advantage, improvement is owed develop environment of area battalion business, guide foreign capital move of initiative implementation gradient, reduce a government the resource fault such as the division of garden of industry of “ hollow ” that excessive to the industry intervention causes matchs a phenomenon. In economy exterior sex brings about the circumstance that the market is out of order to fall, the government needs fill vacancy, avoid “ to accumulate the foreign capital below mechanism of ” of loop of sexual cause and effect what excessive concentration causes is involute, drive ministry of Chinese and Western and northeast area to strengthen system of industrial form a complete set to build, promotion carries on the industry shifts capacity, introduce a batch to accord with local resource gift, demonstrative belt to move the project of key foreign capital with strong action, breed the whole world serious treatment production base and use foreign capital new growth extremely.
Sun Tianyang. Global industry catenary supplies catenary to reframe the proposal that high quality of the China below setting uses foreign capital [J] . China develops observation, 2023, (08):110-116.
Origin: Institute of economy of industry of company division courtyard
