Composite material is in colophony radical the applied state of engine of foreign civil aviation is some closer year of United States General Electric Company (USA, general Electric Company, GE or general and electric) , the United States Pratt · benefit is special the Buddhist nun company (USA, pratt&Whitney Group, p&W or general · benefit) , Rhea of · of British Luo Ersi this company (UK, rolls-royce Group, r·R or collect · collect) etc respect of application of component of composite material motor obtained colophony radical greater progress. With general · benefit firm is exemple, used fibre glass on JT9D engine above all 1970 / preparation of epoxy resin composite material fan commutate awl. Weigh to be decreased further, used fiber of fragrant black silk ribbon 1981 / preparation of epoxy resin composite material awl of JT9D-TR4 engine commutate. Later colophony radical composite material is applied at general in great quantities on · benefit engine, if PW4084 engine colophony transfers moulding technology (Resin Transfer Moulding, the carbon fiber of RTM) preparation / commutate of composite material of double horse colophony overspreads engine of space block of lamina of epoxy resin fan, PW4168 and carbon fiber / epoxy resin composite material opposes the short cabin part such as thrust device. Graph 1 in listed abroad is at present civil colophony of eddy fan engine base system of place of composite material application, data and preparation craft. The 1~12 in the graph is ordinal engine of the fan that it is eddy is electronic-controlled door of postmortem of cover of the awl of the lamina of scaleboard of noise elimination of unit small box, intake duct, fan, commutate that take energy of life, commutate that take energy of life, engine, turn over commutate of thrust device, compressor cover, outside lamina of diversion of contain path, exit, . Will be opposite below engine of foreign civil aviation is typical state of affairs of development of application of composite material component undertakes colophony radical labor. 1. Fan lamina 20 centuries seventies, collect department of · Luo Gong is the earliest colophony of attempt general carbon fiber base composite material applies at lamina of RB211 engine fan. But because what use tenacity of composite material matrix inferior, fail finally to strike a test through fan lamina bird, bring about this model engine continue to use lamina of fan of traditional titanium alloy. The research and development that as inferior quality, Gao Jin path of morale efficiency, big contain compares aviation engine reachs colophony radical of composite material function rise, 90 time General Electric Company chooses the century on company of American conspicuous family name (USA, epoxy resin of tenacity of Hexcel Corporation) HexPly 8551-7 is matrix, IM7 carbon fiber is enhance fiber, use one-way beforehand engine of GE90 of preparation of craft of dip makings mould pressing takes gas fan blade. Preservative coating of polyurethane of Fu of blade surface besmear increases blade corrosion resistance can. Company of 3M of use United States of blade leading edge (USA, sticky agent of glue of 3M Company) AF191 sticks chip of the alloy that receive titanium to enhance blade anti-impact properties. Blade root ministry is had self-lubricating special layer of fluorine dragon wear-resisting (graph 2 (A) . GEnx of after this General Electric Company and GE9X engine all uses colophony radical lamina of composite material fan. Be in those who apply to only channel plane is medium respect of small thrust engine, engine of traditional CFM56 series uses lamina of titanium alloy fan and casing of alloy steel metal. To reduce engine weight further, reduce fuel to use up, the United States is general and electric surpass wind group with France (France, the Si Nai below Safran Group) banner restrains Ma company (SNECMA) is joint-stock the CFM international company that establish (USA&France, CFM InternatioNal Company, CFMI) developed LEAP series engine. Lamina of fan of LEAP series engine uses 3D whole to braid technical preparation have three-dimensional interweave structure and approximate the fiber of 0 on size error shapes beforehand body (graph 2 (B) . Deliver colophony of moulding craft perfusion to realize fiber soak and colophony solidify through colophony (graph 3) . Among them fiber is three-dimensional braid a structure to be able to raise blade anti-impact properties effectively. In January 2020 the first ten days of a month, collect · Luo Gong manages in England Bulisituo began a name to be “ the mechanism makes the engine prototype of super fan ”(UltraFan®) . This engine uses complete resin base lamina of composite material fan and casing. Fan lamina by carbon fiber / tenacity colophony dip expects the shop sticks solidify and become beforehand. Blade leading edge employs as similar as GE90 fan lamina titanium alloy fight since Bao Bian corrode and the eyewinker pounds action. Collect department of · Luo Gong predicts this model after engine outfit machine enlists in army, can realize plane whole to decrease heavy 700 Kg, quickly than generation amount to series engine more the province is oily, reduce the carbon dioxide of at least 25% to discharge.
Graph 2 GE90 (A) reach lamina of fan of composite material of engine of LEAP series aviation (B)
Colophony of engine of series of graph 3 LEAP base lamina of composite material fan makes a process
(A) three-dimensional fiber shapes beforehand body preparation; (B) fiber shapes beforehand body fits a pattern;
(Solidify of C) colophony perfusion; (D) blade finished product
The lamina in process of movement of engine of 2. fan casing is bumped because of sufferring or when fatigue fracture, fan casing falls to taking off include since blade action, avoid its other to the plane part is caused damage. Consequently fan casing is hold together plane enlists in army the important part of on the safe side. Lamina of fan of engine of inchoate eddy fan pledges for titanium alloy material more, once fall off bigger to the blow energy of fan casing. Fan casing uses alloy of aluminium alloy, titanium or high strenth alloy steel to make more, include with increasing structural ply to rise the effect, call hard include. Research and development goes out to be liner with housing of annular metal casing later, exterior and ordinal twine a certain number of complex structure casing that encircle fiber of fragrant black silk ribbon to braid a belt to be covering layer, rely on layer of fiber of fragrant black silk ribbon to happen to be out of shape greatly easily suck can the characteristic captures fragment, call so soft include. As a result of engine fan contain path comparing increases with each passing day, fan section is occupied in engine gross weight than greatening, high-powered light quantified requirement is even more pressing. Accompanying the maturity of lamina of fan of composite material of GE90 series engine to use, in research and development of company of the GE on follow-up GEnx engine casing of fan of complete composite material. This casing uses automation 3 axes braid 2 dimension Dong Li company of technical general Japan (Japan, toray Industries, carbon fiber of Inc) TORAYC T700 reachs ±60° by 0° 3 direction braid ply to shape beforehand for 7.62 Mm fiber body. Use colophony to deliver epoxy resin of CYCOM PR520 of moulding craft perfusion (Belgian Suoerweiji is round (Belgium, solvay Group) banner leaves cyanogen spy company (Cytec Industries) product) solidify shapes. The company also used the Sinaikema below division of group of French contest wind to enhance fiber 3D to braid technology and colophony to deliver moulding craft preparation casing of fan of composite material of LEAP series engine, if pursue,4 are shown.
3. tone line already was become into gas fan noise contemporary the main source that big contain path compares aviation engine noise. Inside intake duct laid tone line is aviation engine noise elimination falls one of important way of a confusion of voices. Acoustical line place provides some the Helmholtz resonance structure that structure of perforation board beehive can regard several paralell connection as. Have noise elimination effect when its resonance frequency and noise frequency match. Traditional odd freedom spends acoustical line noise to draw frequency band narrower, although can widen,much freedom spends acoustical line sound absorption frequency band, but also put in treatment craft complex, dimension the question with more weightening finish of bigger, structure. Be based on above problem, company of hertz family name developed what trade name is Acousti-Cap to lie between type a honeycomb-like thing is set inside the cap, if pursue,5 are shown. Punch by the surface flexible material (if get together ether aether ketone, PEEK) fold embeds into the appearance that lie between a cap in beehive antrum gooey fixed position, remove double freedom to spend the acoustics and diaphragmatic action in acoustical line thereby. Character of beehive sound impedance is OK by the following 3 element adjustment: (A) cap amount is lain between in beehive antrum; (B) cap position is separated in beehive antrum; (C) character of impedance of different and phyletic sound lies between a cap. Compare traditional much freedom to spend acoustical line, use ply of line of tone of preparation of this kinds of beehive poorer institute needs to install a space small, intensity of structure of acoustical line whole is higher. At present this beehive already was used at general and electric, collect · collect, what the company such as CFM international produces is much model aviation engine, reduced quality not only and came true to amount to the noise attenuation of 30% . Noise elimination of traditional intake duct board divide a type design for joining together, joining together causes impedance of reputation of face of intake duct cliff discontinuous weakened noise elimination effect. Intake duct of composite material of benefit from benefit from does not have design of line of joining together tone, european airbus company (acoustical line flat-fell seam is intake duct of engine of aircraft of Airbus) inchoate A320 3 15 Cm, a340-600 aircraft engine is 2 7.5 Cm later wide. Use colophony radical composite material whole shapes after craft, a380 aircraft engine is annular without line of joining together tone (graph 6) .
4. lining is traditional colophony radical composite material matrix is able to bear or endure lukewarm function is inferior, apply at structure of aviation engine Leng Duan to reach normally exterior enclothe. In order to get together acyl inferior what amine colophony is a delegate is high temperature resistant colophony matrix research and development makes composite material uses colophony radical at aviation engine to heat up upright component to become a possibility nearly. Get together acyl inferior amine lining is composite material is in colophony radical compressor be able to bear or endure lukewarm demand is higher one of representative application of place. Line apply mechanically gets together acyl inferior composite material satisfies amine not only left and right sides of ℃ of 280 of long-term job temperature, short when those who endure above of 400 ℃ be able to bear or endure lukewarm demand, have good hot measure at the same time stability, self-lubricating gender, low coefficient of friction, superior wear-resisting caustic performance and mechanical function. American Du Bang company (USA, duPont Company) developed Vespel series to get together acyl inferior amine composite material, include black lead fill to get together among them acyl inferior amine composite material (wait like Vespel SP-21, SP-22) reach carbon fiber fabric to increase get together acyl inferior amine composite material (be like: Vespel CP-8000, CP-0664) . This series gets together acyl inferior composite material already applied amine at collect BR710 of department of · Luo Gong, series of PW6000 of firm of general · benefit much model aviation engine compressor is adjustable static cotyledon piece lining, if pursue,7 are shown.
5. turns over thrust device material and structure to shape at the same time is colophony radical composite material distinguishs one of characteristics at metallic stuff. This is aviation engine the integration design of large and complex part, unifinication is made offerred a possibility. American Nai surpasses a company (USA, nexcelle) slam the door traditional detached type subsystem designs a concept, the company flies in Chinese business (China, commercial Aircraft Corporation Of China, ltd. , compositive type was developed to boost a system on the LEAP-1C engine that COMAC) C919 air bus equips (Integrated Propulsion System, IPS) . Include composite material of one form of characters or letters to enter gas commutate cover and “O of integral composite material ” to slide among them choose unit instead, if pursue,8 are shown.
Look into the development that passes number 10 years, colophony radical composite material received wide application on engine of civil eddy fan. Composite material reduced colophony radical not only aviation engine tractor dry mass, also rose to urge action actively in engine dependability, economy and respect of environmental protection sex. Its dosage already was become measure aviation engine the important sign of advanced sex. Abroad applied a respect to had accumulated experience of battle of kimono of many test data in aviation engine composite material, in how model relatively mature application already was won on aviation engine. photograph comparing, our country in civil aviation engine respect of application of research and development of composite material component returns colophony radical presence is constant difference. Need to wait for a lot of respect to undertake overtaking from evaluation of structural design, raw material, workmanship, test and verify. Believe as domestic colophony base of composite material technology progress increasingly, our country colophony base composite material is sure to welcome revolutionary development in the application of engine of civil eddy fan.
