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Carbon fiber (CF) it is in inert atmosphere by organic fiber carbonization of classics high temperature is made, have compare modular quantity, superior hot performance and chemical stability and damp damping high strenth, high to fall the character such as a confusion of voices, it is exceedingly good buildup body material. Thermoplastic composite material photograph compares composite material and traditional hot solid sex, shape noxiousness of periodic short, chemical composition is small, and have tall tenacity, Gao Kangchong and scathing allowance, beforehand dip expects memory period is long, the quantity produces ability to wait for an advantage by force. It is with CF those who strengthen put oneself in another's position is thermoplastic composite material was united in wedlock CF and thermoplastic resinous performance advantage, and chemical cross-linking does not happen after shaping, can fuse 2 times and shape again, of facilitating material reclaim reach a loop to use, solved material of CF of hot solid sex the processing problem after operating period is full. In recent years, with thermoplastic the high-powered CF composite material development that colophony is matrix is rapid, in aerospace, car light quantify, the domain such as lamina of report of chemical industry of martial national defence, sports, oil field, wind has wide application.

The article is aimed at in last few years CF increases thermoplastic the relevant research of composite material domain, right thermoplastic CF function of craft of type of the interfacial modified of composite material, fiber, preparation, material, material shapes etc undertook summing up.

01

Interfacial modified

Composite material increases in CF in, of the interaction between CF and matrix losing by force is decision material the key of mechanical function. However, CF surface smoothness is adsorptive and exorbitant, characteristic less, as poor as the interfacial adhere sex between polymer matrix. Surface roughness of the chemical active that increases CF through interfacial modified commonly, surface and exterior freedom can, in order to improve CF and thermoplastic the chemical bond between matrix, mechanical clench the teeth and interfacial wellability, improve the integral performance of composite material then. Interfacial modified basically happens on CF, can do law modified, wet chemical modified and much measure modified according to reacting environmental cent is 3 kinds.

Modified of 1.1 dry methods

Dry method modified basically includes plasma processing, high-energy irradiation and heat treatment to wait. Plasma processing can improve fiber through reducing critical fiber length / the adherent force of matrix, commonly used at CF and CF the exterior modified of composite material is handled. Plasma processing CF can raise the appearance surface roughness and the area that compare a list, lew in CF outer the structure introduces polar group, the CF that makes increases get together the interfacial property of composite material improves ether sulphone ketone apparently. CF passes chemical bond and mechanical clench the teeth to increase to be united in wedlock with the interface of matrix in coordination, make the shear strength between the layer of composite material (ILSS) rise significantly. But in plasma processing process, early days is given priority to with exterior modified, later period etchs with the surface give priority to, the intensity of CF can follow those who handle time to lengthen reduce gradually, affect the mechanical performance of composite material directly. Accordingly, people often handles plasma processing the process as the first pace, offer activation CF for 2 modified, be helpful for the reaction such as follow-up chemical graft or deposit polymerization.

High-energy irradiation modified is the new-style modified technology of a kind of efficient environmental protection, chemical reaction can be caused in CF surface. High-energy irradiation can make atom produces displacement, raise exterior surface roughness, arise but the active of as luscious as matrix round union dot, below the premise that maintains fiber strength basically, raise CF the adherent force to matrix. Li undertakes handling to CF through ozone, added exterior carboxyl content. The CF via ozonation and nylon 6 (PA6) the interfacial union of matrix increases apparently, can make the ILSS of CF/PA6 composite material rises 60% . In using process of modified of γ- ray irradiation, as the addition of ray irradiation dosage, the parameter of the structure that do not have foreword of CF surface increases, exterior grain dimension is reduced, because the interfacial intensity of this composite material reachs attrition function,also rise subsequently.

A heat treatment of exorbitant lukewarm vapour such as Cai is right surface of second birth CF undertakes modified, experimental result makes clear, when processing time is more than 1h, CF surface produces oxidation to react generation contains oxygen radical group, make the combinative action of CF and matrix increases, but process of heat treatment of high temperature vapour won't make appearance of CF surface form produces apparent change.

1.2 wet chemical modified

Modified of wet chemical law is to be in solution environment essentially, express the chemical function of the face in order to control through decorating material surface optionally, basically include law of size processing, acerbity oxidation and electrochemistry deposit law to wait. Size processing is the very important one link in CF preparation craft, also be one of core technologies that manufacture high quality CF, the content of size agent layer changed character to decide CF and colophony matrix between sticky receive strength. Liu use contrary facing preparation to give a kind to get together with benzene of miscellaneous naphthalene couplet ether ketone (PPEK) agent of the latex that colophony gives priority to body size, this size agent can make the infiltration function to CF promotes PPEK significantly, and ILSS rises 76.4% , achieve 69.80MPa. Zheng Guo use modified of agent of size of new-style ability in swimming to get together amine of the acyl inside oneself (O3PPA) undertake to CF surface modified is handled, and preparation CF/PA6 composite material. The CF monofilament that handles via O3PPA ruptures intensity rose 12% , the flexural strength of CF/PA6 composite material and ILSS rose respectively 35% with 46% . Current, what already had a story is special at thermoplastic size agent of the system has polypropylene (PP) , get together acyl inferior amine, get together ether acyl inferior amine (PEI) , get together ether ketone ketone, get together fragrant aether ketone, get together benzene aether ketone, get together ether sulphone (PES) etc. Acerbity oxidation law is to pass CF of nitric acid, thick vitriolic oxidation the surface and / or introduce small hole structure, in order to improve the combinative result of CF/ matrix, wait for a condition through controlling time of temperature, reaction and oxidation medium chroma, get the fiber face with oxidation different level. Acerbity oxidation modified can increase the groove of CF surface significantly, form deep aperture and crackle, make CF surface surface roughness rises, the quarter corrode trace after the oxidation that confuse sick at heart is handled especially apparent (see a picture 1) . After be being handled through acerbity oxidation, the carboxyl group that CF surface produces base the group can raise the cohere ability with matrix and sorption, but the strength that the structural limitation that at the same time fiber surface produces also can cause CF drops.

Modified of electrochemistry deposit law is it is positive pole with CF, black lead board, copperplate or nickel board for cathode, it is electrolyte with solution of different soda acid salt (commonly used electrolyte has hydrogen oxidation natrium, bicarbonate ammonium, carbonic acid ammonium, vitriolic wait with nitric acid) , modified undertakes to CF surface below dc field action. Electrochemistry deposit law can overcome the inhomogenous sex of general spray technology, coating of particle of implementation accept rice is in of CF surface distributing equably. Yamamoto through electrochemistry deposit will thermoplastic adsorption of polymer colloid grain undertakes modified in CF surface (see a picture 2) . Experimental result makes clear, the CF after modified and shear strength of each resinous interface all rise somewhat, of composite material curve function to also rise somewhat. Later, yamamoto through electrochemistry adsorption of colloid of SO2 of rice of deposit general heat-resisting accept undertakes modified in CF surface, layer of colloid of accept rice SO2 can make CF forms certain interval in matrix, raise the uniformity of composite material intensity thereby; The oxygen influence to composite material tensile strength is heated up in still can reducing high temperature environment, the thermal stability that increases material significantly and can reclaim quality. The Rashkovan CF/ polyamide that compared electrochemistry processing and ozonation (PA) the interfacial function of composite material, discover electrochemistry handles adherent to enhancing the interface of CF and PA matrix force to have more distinct effect.

Modified of 1.3 much measure

The modified of coating of ” of “ much measure of CF is main by accept rice particle / carbolic accept rice is in charge of / black lead Xi decorates composition, through electrochemistry deposit of deposit, chemical gas phase and macerate coating law realize the deposit in fiber surface. Luo use electrostatic the method that assembles oneself undertakes to CF modified is handled, get Xi of black lead of exterior deposit oxidation (GO) modified CF (CF-GO) and preparation gives PP/CF-GO composite material. Study the result makes clear, the ILSS that folds a composite material in the PP/CF-GO below identical fiber load and tensile strength are compared respectively did not rise when modified 101.7% with 47.9% . Rice manages the offer of Kamar much wall carbon that will handle through cation polymer (MWCNT) even deposit is in CF (after oxidation) the surface, have size again. Between the MWCNT grain that takes positive electrical charge mutually exclusive, and attract each other between CF and MWCNT, arise to disperse goodly then with adhere. Che also adopts similar method to be grain of GO accept rice dispersedly in coating, make CF increases get together methylic acrylic acid the ILSS of composite material raises armour ester near one times.

The combinative electrochemistry deposit such as Song and microwave radiate method, CF macerate in zincic electrolyte solution, pass electrochemistry deposit of deposit general Zn2+ at CF surface, repass microwave irradiation gives birth to grain of rice of long ZnO accept in fiber surface.

Method of 1.4 other modified

The colophony matrix with crystallization strong sex also can produce crystallization around CF surface, pass the adjusting control of pair of interfacial crystallization behavior, can improve composite material performance significantly. Batista shape in hot pressing preparation CF/ gets together benzene sulfur aether (PPS) different and cooling rate is used to have crystallization adjusting control when composite material, the crystallization that issues data in relatively inferior cooling rate is spent rise and make interfacial horizontal crystal, the shear strength between the layer of CF/PPS composite material rises apparently. Kobayashi use high standard to measure CF (HMCF) the composite material that preparation is matrix with PA6, through XRD token discovery is below appropriate crystallization temperature and crystallization rate, HMCF can revulsive PA6 forms the layer wearing brilliant with thick 2μm in CF surface (if pursue 3) , the α brilliant of the PA6 in the layer that wear brilliant A axis direction is approximately perpendicular at CF surface, the formation of the layer that wear brilliant improved the mechanical performance of composite material significantly.

Join the agent that add a look to also can have positive effect to the interfacial function of material to the middle of composite material. Join PP of the 3rd constituent Do to the middle of CF/PA6 composite material, the affiliation of the 3rd constituent increased quantity of the tensile strength of composite material, stretch model and dimension stability. The Zhang adherent force that will raise CF and PPS matrix interface through considering to discover amination PPS colophony is usable, join 7% (W) amination PPS (NH2 content 1% (W) ) can make the drawing of composite material is mixed curve modular quantity to rise respectively 12.5% with 38% . Ren synthesized the copolymerization that different scale carboxyl group contains on a series of side catenary (1, 4- phenyl sulfide) - get together (2, 5- phenyl sulfide is acerbity) (PPS-COOH) , regard CF/PPS as the agent adding a look of composite material PPS-COOH, material token result shows, PPS-COOH and matrix have good physical consistence, the interface that improved data significantly is united in wedlock, actor chooses PPS-COOH to add a quantity to be 10% (W) . Craft of law of modified of the agent that add a look simple, cost is low, but the treatment that does not apply to successive CF to enhance material.

02

CF increases thermoplastic composite material

Thermoplastic colophony is machined easily, shape cycle is short. Commonly used thermoplastic resinous parameter sees a table 1. By the watch 1 visible, from general and plastic, be like polyethylene (PE) , PP, PA, polycarbonate, to project of high-powered special type plastic, if get together ether aether ketone (PEEK) , nylon of PPS, high temperature, PEI, PES, all can serve as matrix and CF compound.

2.1CF/PP composite material

In CF/PP composite material, CF can increase the stretch model amount of PP, but make the tensile strength of material, impact strength is reached rupture percentage elongation is reduced. In the crystallization process of CF/PP, CF has effect of certain surprise appearance nucleate to PP matrix, the temperature of blame isotherm crystallization that promoted PP and crystallization are spent, promote β brilliant to generate. The influence to material function undertook length of pair of the fiber in CF/PP composite material such as Rezaei consider, it is better to discover longer CF can make composite material is had thermomechanical function, at the same time the thermal stability of CF/PP composite material increases along with the addition of CF length. Yang handle preparation through undertaking the CF that nest PP is in charge of hot pressing CF/PP composite material, observe discovery through microscope, when the span between fiber is more than 5 μm more be helpful for the soak between fiber and matrix; Through using air anamorphic processes, be out of shape the fiber structure that fits composite material can be formed below pressure in the air of 4 KPa certainly, and the addition as CF length, the shear strength between function of the tensile strength of composite material, concussion and layer all gets ameliorative. Novo used a variety of honest legal system to have successive CF beforehand dip makings, squeeze through pulling shape get CF/PP composite material (see a picture 4) , the manufacturing rate of this method can amount to 2 ～ 6 M/min.

2.2CF/PE composite material

The discovery such as Chukov, measure polyethylene to freeboard element (UHMWPE) in join short cut carbon fiber (SCF) the mechanical performance that can improve composite material CF/UHMWPE significantly and attrition function; In 500 ℃ hot oxygen condition falls, the hot oxidation of CF enhanced the interfacial action of C and matrix significantly, of CF/UHMWPE composite material succumb stress rises nearly double. The discovery such as Savas, the affiliation of PE copolymer can enhance CF/ high density to spend polyethylene apparently (HDPE) the interface of composite material is united in wedlock, enhance the mechanical performance of composite material thereby. Erkendirci studied the impervious of accurate static state of CF/HDPE composite material shows performance, discover plywood of composite material layer is thinner, bad news can be bigger; Plywood of composite material layer is thicker, waste time can be less.

2.3CF/PA composite material

PA is an element advocate contain on catenary repeat acyl of amine radical thermoplastic resinous floorboard, include adipose a group of things with common features PA, adipose - PA of scent a group of things with common features and scent a group of things with common features PA. CF/PA is had light quantify, be able to bear or endure fatigue, wear-resisting is anti-corrosive wait for an advantage, there all is application in the domain such as equipment of car, home appliance, sports. Zhang Shijun uses double screw of BUSS kneading machine and successive CF to squeezed a craft to develop a series of CF to increase thermoplastic composite material, of preparation of BUSS mediate craft 40% (W) the tensile strength of CF/PA66 composite material is 422.8MPa for 304.1 MPa, flexural strength, curve modular quantity to be 10.2kJ/m for impact strength of 25.8 GPa, breach. In CF/PA composite material, each length of the content of CF, fiber performance that affects composite material directly. To the CF/PA6 that inject shapes and CF/PA66 composite material, of material rupture meet an emergency is reduced gradually along with the addition of CF content, and the addition of the content of the CF in all following matrix such as quantity of tensile strength, model and rise. In the CF/PA66 composite material of successive CF preparation, CF changed the brilliant state structure of PA66, make grain produces limitation and accelerated crystallization rate, be less than when CF content 35% (W) when, the mechanical function of composite material rises apparently along with the accretion of CF content, it is 35% ～ when CF content 55% (W) when, the amplitude of mechanical function changes delay. The Li successive CF/PA composite material that studied process of different heat treatment, discover inferior cooling rate and higher annealing temperature can reduce the ILSS of composite material. Of the Zhao CF/PA6 layer plywood that studied different number of plies curve scathing behavior and function, experimental result sees a picture 5. The Ma mechanical performance that studied CF/PA6 layer plywood and invalidation behavior, discover CF/PA6 layer plywood is in interfacial action presents shape of a flight of stairs to rupture below weaker mode behavior, mechanical function has the dynamic and mechanical function of composite material and static state apparent difference. Ploeckl studied one-way CF/PA6 layer plywood (CF content 60% (W) ) trends reduces performance, the fore-and-aft compressive strength that discovers material increased 60% , but the effect that rate of meet an emergency measures to stretch model is not distinct. Dickson use preparation of melt deposit craft successive CF/PA composite material, the tensile strength of this material and flexural strength rise respectively than enhancing nylon polymer 6.3 times with 5 times.

2.4CF/PPS composite material

PPS is half crystallization thermoplastic plastic, have high temperature resistant, anti-corrosive, be able to bear or endure flame retardation of irradiation, wear-resisting, and excellent dimension stability and processing sex. PPS quality of a material is more fragile, after the CF that measures in as high as high strenth standard is compound, can improve the impact strength of composite material and heat-resisting performance effectively. Valverde use SCF/PPS composite material to be in CF/PPS successive fiber is prefab board on mould gives costal region board (graph 6) , studied through optical microscope costal region board is sectional with the flow length influence to material feature. Study the result makes clear, of compound interface sticky receive intensity and material to destroy a type to all follow costal region board sectional appearance and change; In flow extreme the meeting that make appearance has bigger effect to sample function. PPS has good impact resistance, be able to bear or endure scathing sex, and first-rate mechanical function is had to withhold a gender below fire condition. The Carpier fire behavior to CF/PPS composite material undertook study, used condition of representative high temperature to study the pyrolysis of common PPS colophony and CF/PPS layer pressing plate, analysed the pyrolysis mechanism that material issues in condition of radiation thermal current. They discover in blame isotherm the condition falls, oxidation can be solved in heat begin before the end; And fall in isothermal condition, hot solution already was finished before oxidation; Below aerobic condition, the existence defer of CF heat solved initial drop to promote cross-linking thereby, and the cross-linking that is less than defer to bring about in the observation in air.

2.5CF/PEEK composite material

The repeats unit to form scent that PEEK is ketone of You Jufang aether a group of things with common features crystallization sex is thermoplastic polymer, melting point is as high as 334 ℃ . From 1980 company of British empire chemistry rolls out PEEK beforehand after dip expects, what it becomes spaceflight aviation domain to have economic value most is advanced thermoplastic composite material. But control hard as a result of its crystallization behavior and structure, bring about right in PEEK processing process of material can accuse stability poorer. The temperature in machining a process and heat treatment condition affect the mechanical performance of matrix and even composite material closely. Should machine temperature from under vitrification transition temperature (Tg) lift when Tg above, the abrasiveness of CF/PEEK composite material can drop; Below the temperature condition of Tg above, the wearability of composite material is apparent excel pure PEEK; Drop treatment temperature appropriately and shorten heat preservation time can raise CF/PEEK composite material curve function. Resinous micromechanism and the exhaustion that machine a condition to all can affect CF/PEEK composite material and rupture behavior. The molecular amount of matrix is larger, of material it is better to fight crackle expansibility. In addition, anneal processing also meets those who improve data fight crackle expansibility can. But compare with pure PEEK photograph, anneal process increased the resistance of CF/PEEK composite material significantly, because the affiliation of CF introduced new energy dissipation mechanism,this is, rupture through fibrous and drawing, restricted matrix to be out of shape through plasticity the ability of dissipation energy, the importance in because this emphasized matrix plasticity more,fighting crackle to expand. Bonnheim compared polyacrylonitrile base CF (PAN-CF) and bitumen radical CF (Pitch-CF) the influence that resists crackle patulous function to CF/PEEK composite material. Below condition of circular to load, compare with CF/PEEK and photograph of Pitch-CF/PEEK composite material, of PAN-CF/PEEK composite material fight crackle expansibility to be able to rise somewhat, and increase further after anneal. Pitch-CF/PEEK is had fight crackle expansibility similarly with pure PEEK material can, both all was not affected by apparent anneal, this kind of expression is considered as the compound effect of fiber character and matrix.

In the process of blame isotherm crystallization in CF/PEEK composite material, nucleate has dominant effect, the tensile strength of material and modular quantity all follow the accretion of rate of build-down of air temperature and reduce. Opposite at other thermoplastic polymer, the crystallization process of PEEK is more complex, crystallization condition has very big effect to the crystallization behavior of PEEK and material function. Crystallization behavior undertook the Regis blame isotherm to PAN-CF/PEEK and Pitch-CF/PEEK composite material consider, the crystallization act that discovers PEEK gets not only the influence of rate of build-down of air temperature, the influence of the element such as appearance of the character that also suffers CF, geometry and density. The CF of different face character is met the surprise appearance nucleate from crystallization and restrain crystallization positive and negative two respects go affecting crystallization process, bring about different crystallization pattern thereby, PEEK of PAN-CF meeting block up is crystal, and Pitch-CF can promote crystallization. And different heat treatment condition is spent to the crystallization of CF/PEEK and mechanical function effect is distinct, as annealing temperature elevatory, piece brilliant layer thickening, crystallization is spent rise, mechanical function increases. Aljohani use automatic shop to take technical preparation CF/PEEK composite material, those who studied material falls in microtherm environment is osmotic with mechanical function. The interfacial couple of CF/PEEK is younger, affect the mechanical performance of composite material directly, especially ILSS. Hassan go up to activation CF introduce PEEK interface layer, the ILSS of composite material of the CF/PEEK after modified, bending strength and modular volume rose respectively 70% , 37% , 48% , of composite material rupture the mechanism takes off what sticky change is interfacial layer to be out of shape by fiber destroy with resinous (see a picture 7) . Operation of this modified method is simple, can use at producing large size to contain the composite material of successive CF or CF fabric, have industrial application latent capacity.

2.6CF/PEI composite material

PEI is a kind of amorphous high-powered polymer, have good mechanical performance, insulating property, be able to bear or endure irradiation sex, be able to bear or endure high low temperature and wear-resisting function. The Sharma CF/PEI composite material to different CF orientaton undertook study, the attrition function that composite material can cause when discovering when fiber orientaton increases 90° from 0° drops, when fiber orientaton horn is more than to load direction, the drawing model quantity of composite material, tenacity and meet an emergency all are reduced somewhat; The coefficient of friction of material increases with what follow load than wear rate and reduce. Lee the CF that with hydrogen plasma handles had to enhance system CF/PEI composite material, modified process improved the interfacial function of CF and PEI matrix, make the amount that the fiber when material ruptures pulls out decreases greatly, the tensile strength of CF/PEI composite material, succumb quantity of intensity, stretch model and stretch coefficient all rise somewhat.

2.7CF/PES composite material

PES is a kind amorphous, transparent amber special type high polymer expects, have more expensive machine intensity, thermal stability and be able to bear or endure chemistry is corroded and exceedingly good self-lubricating gender and insulating property, special apply to make dry slip component. The Sharma CF preparation that uses plasma processing CF/PES composite material in order to raise fiber - the adherent force of matrix. Study the result makes clear, the volume that the element measures has bigger effect to the attrition function of PES composite material and mechanical function, the shear strength between the wear rate of CF/PES composite material and material layer shows positive to involve a concern. Zhao wait for those who discover SCF can raise CF/PES composite material significantly to curve function, but coefficient of friction is reduced gradually along with the accretion of CF content however, amount to when CF content 30% (W) when, drawing and curve modular quantity to rise respectively 165% with 234% , but coefficient of friction drops 29.8% . The Li drawing that used GO coating to raise CF/PES composite material significantly and curve function, the interface of composite material of the CF/PES below microtherm environment writtens guarantee collaboration uses environment of room temperature of apparent prep above, the low temperature that proves GO coating raised CF/PES composite material significantly is mechanical function. Li still discover GO coating content control is in 0.5% (W) the left and right sides, can make fore-and-aft drop with transverse linear hot coefficient of expansion 67.0% with 28.9% , the dimension stability of material rises significantly.

03

Epilogue

In going a few years, CF increases thermoplastic the research heat of composite material is in centrally design of structure of processing of material function, modified, interface and shape a few respects such as craft, through interfacial modified processing can rise CF and thermoplastic the interface of matrix is united in wedlock, the buildup of CF can make composite material has better mechanical performance, tall heat-resisting, wear-resisting and be able to bear or endure corrode sex and better dimension stability. In going a few years, thermoplastic composite material and shape the rapid development of craft, make complex make the quantity is produced change become a possibility, also can use at high-powered data and part of composite material construction to wait. Be based on in recent years CF increases thermoplastic the research of composite material develops the current situation, do to development trend of future look into below:

1) manufacturing cost is to restrict CF to increase all the time thermoplastic composite material is large-scale one of use main factors. CF increases thermoplastic composite material past is as the high end with high price high-powered data is being used, in last few years, rise as what CF produces technical maturity and yield, produce what cost develops to material to restrict wear off. The price such as PP, PE is low thermoplastic colophony also hopeful undertakes as the base material of composite material mass production is mixed use, CF increases thermoplastic composite material will expand gradually the industry with the new more such as car, home appliance, building and municipal traffic and domain.

2) long fiber increases and successive CF increases thermoplastic composite material can make material has higher intensity and modular amount, to it relevant material preparation craft and structure shape the research heat that crucial technology and equipment all is future and key.

3) CF increases thermoplastic the key that design of the function of composite material plank and large structural member, structure, processing and technology of material component join also are prospective research and heat.

4) the research of the interfacial structure adjusting control to CF and matrix and relevant mechanism still is not perfected, still need thorough exploration.

5) thermoplastic colophony matrix is helpful for CF reclaim and use circularly, reclaim in composite material in the process of recycle, how to wait through craft and technical condition raise second birth CF to increase thermoplastic the performance characteristics of composite material, the high cost that realizes composite material is changed reclaim, it is one of stresses that future studies.