Lube 　 lube is one kind can make mechanical equipment reduces the lubricant of attrition in locomotive process, comprise by base oil and additive. Among them, the action of additive is to make lube more the function is changed. Traditional lube is lubricant ability is limited, to improve the performance of lube, can join normally contain sulfur, phosphor, chloric additive, but the use of this kind of additive brought enormous pressure to the environment. To improve this one current situation, new-style additive is discovered ceaselessly, especially the occurrence of accept rice material, provided a lot of resource for lube additive, use accept rice data in lube, can remove anti-friction, fight grind, fight pressure wait for action. Common accept rice additive has material of rice of accept of magnesium of boric acid calcium, boric acid, soft metal, organic boride, organic aluminium to turn content and material of carbolic accept rice. Black lead Xi is material of a kind of new-style carbolic accept rice, quality light, strength is great, have exceedingly good conductivity and thermal conductivity, and can slide between layer of black lead Xi and layer, fight abrasiveness stronger, be applied at lube domain by people gradually. 1. Xi of black lead of 　 of black lead Xi is a kind of new-style carbon offer that has macroscopical measure rice material, its dimension can expand indefinitely inside same plane, accept rice level is in ply respect, it is a kind of 2 dimension material with carbon element that has atomic class ply. As technical development, the sort of black lead Xi also is added gradually much, the amount according to layer of black lead Xi can be its cent monolayer black lead Xi of Xi, little layer black lead and multilayer black lead Xi. Among them, the carbolic atom of Xi of monolayer black lead is Sp2 more miscellaneous change a form, its crystal structure is 6 yuan of annulus crystal lattice of shape of 2 dimension beehive, the academic ply of Xi of monolayer black lead is 0.335nm. The circumstance becoming key of black lead Xi and black lead are same, the carbolic atom that forms black lead Xi is in 2s, 2px, form on the road with 2py course miscellaneous change course, form σ key with the carbolic atom of photograph adjacent, key horn is 120° , this kind of structure is particularly stable, and the rest on orbit of 2pz of every carbon atomic an electron, the form that can leave territory through the electron wants to bolt into big π . The electron that leaves territory returns OK and free movement in crystal, this makes black lead Xi has the character that does not have with the material of other offer rice such as black lead, express an area for example big, quality function of light, heat conduction can be good, high temperature resistant, but self-lubricating. Be discovered gradually as the excellent performance of black lead Xi, people changes preparation method ceaselessly, preparation is different the black lead Xi of structure, dimension, number of plies, these postulate affect the performance of black lead Xi directly. Current, the black lead Xi of already successful preparation has a lot of kinds, can divide from number of plies mix for Xi of black lead of Xi of Xi of monolayer black lead, double deck black lead, little layer multilayer black lead Xi; From valence key theory can be divided mix for Xi of Xi of oxidation black lead, reductive black lead Xi of reductive oxidation black lead; Additional, at present of preparation still have Xi of functional black lead. Function of different black lead Xi is different, the number of plies when black lead Xi 10 over when, function and black lead close, the number of plies when black lead Xi is little at 10 when, show a lot of excellent performance. Xi of oxidation black lead has bigger drawback, and the blemish of Xi of reductive black lead is less, xi of oxidation black lead wants to reduce the way that blemish can change through the function. 2. The Xi of black lead of lubricant function 　 of black lead Xi is a kind of monolayer or multilayer material of carbolic accept rice, to multilayer black lead Xi, can slide between layer and layer, accordingly, have special lubricant property, different method makes the black lead Xi of equipment, form of the distance between number of plies, layer and layer, stow, dimension, appearance and blemish are different, these parameter can affect the lubricant performance of black lead Xi, besides, the lubricant function of black lead Xi still suffers the effect of relatively slip direction. Via considering to discover, with the black lead Xi in lube, how many pairs of lubricant function of number of plies are having bigger effect, when number of plies of black lead Xi is 2~3 layer, black lead Xi shows the lubricant performance of beautiful, its attrition force is adjacent 0. Accordingly, of pile multilayer black lead Xi has much better lubricant property as lubricant additive. Additional, the stow form of black lead Xi also can have bigger effect to its lubricity, in order to be not fair the attrition strength that the black lead Xi that spends formal stow shows is lesser, and force of this kind of attrition is met reduce as the addition of span of layer of black lead Xi, the attrition force that reveals with the black lead Xi of AB form stow is different, its attrition force follows a layer to reduce and increase of span. In using a process actually, the attrition force of black lead Xi is impossibly 0, expert scholar studied the lubricant function of film of black lead Xi and failure mechanism, atomic imitate method was adopted in studying a process, consider to discover, when pressure head is slip below inferior rate, the chemical bond of black lead Xi ruptures less, attrition is opposite bigger, when increasing sliding velocity, the chemical bond of black lead Xi ruptures ceaseless grow in quantity, attrition is reduced gradually. Still have research multilayer the experiment of the lubricant function of film of black lead Xi, studying the lubricant performance that discovers black lead Xi is inherent, black lead regards lube as additive, lubricant performance is better. 3. The lubricant mechanism 　 of black lead Xi the lubricant mechanism for Xi of research black lead, people summary gave filmy and lubricant mechanism. According to this this one mechanism, when adding black lead Xi in lube, the oily film number of plies that should form relatively a long time, the lubricant mechanism that black lead Xi shows tends film lubricates, when the oily film number of plies that should form is less, the lubricant mechanism that black lead Xi shows is mixture lubracation. Accordingly, in use process, add the addition of the quantity as black lead Xi, friction matter appearance is enclothed by black lead Xi gradually, the surface of friction matter is rough degree also is replaced by the crude rate of black lead Xi gradually, form more oily film, can undertake explanatory with filmy and lubricant mechanism, lubricant function rises substantially. When the accretion of black lead Xi the quantity raises fixed rate hind, if continue to add black lead Xi, xi meets redundant black lead pile up in friction matter appearance, make the oily film that forms originally is destroyed, lubricant mechanism expression is mixture lubracation, lubricant function drops. To mixture lubracation mechanism, 3 kinds of attrition exist in the system, one kind is the attrition of matter of two kinds of friction that is enclothed to form oily film by black lead Xi, one kind is the friction matter that is covered to form oily film by black lead Xi and the friction matter attrition that did not form oily film, hind one kind is the attrition of matter of two kinds of friction that did not form oily film. Right now, the lubricant function of the lubricating oil that adds black lead Xi and this 3 kinds of attrition are direct and relevant. The place on put together is narrated, did not add the lubricating oil of the additive such as black lead Xi, its are lubricant mechanism is mixture lubracation mechanism, add the lubricating oil that adds up to right amount black lead Xi, its are lubricant mechanism lubricates for film, add the lubricating oil of Xi of excessive black lead, its are lubricant mechanism is mixture lubracation. 4. Black lead Xi is in the applied 　 in lube in numerous lube additive, black lead Xi is the new-style additive with a kind of superior performance, add its in base oil, the lubricant performance that can improve lube and anti-wear properties can, but, the hydroxyl with many existence of surface of black lead Xi, carboxyl kiss water radical group, accordingly, the consistence with base oil is not very good, add its in base oil, appeared to reunite stability difference, easily dispersedly wait for a problem, affected the play of function of black lead Xi thereby, accordingly, basically center in two respects to the research of black lead Xi at present, it is preparation on one hand the black lead Xi of specific structure, number of plies, improve the lubricant performance of black lead Xi thereby, xi of preparation oxidation black lead, disperse black lead Xi with supersonic law in base oil, can lower the coefficient of friction of the lube of preparation and wear rate apparently. The surface that is pair of black lead Xi on the other hand undertakes modified, improve the consistence of black lead Xi and base oil thereby, use tristearin acid to be modifier, had through chemical modified legal system Xi of black lead of tristearin acerbity graft, what surface of black lead Xi grew the existence of catenary alkyl hydrocarbon to reduce surface of black lead Xi is close water radical is round, enhanced the consistence of its and base oil, the lube of preparation is had lower fight with stabler coefficient of friction and taller bearing wear away ability. Still investigator is modifier with oleic acid, preparation the black lead Xi that the function changes, the accretion of Xi of this black lead reduced the coefficient of friction of lube, increased its strength. Or it is modifier preparation with alkyl amine Xi of functional black lead, the black lead Xi after modified disperses mediumly in base oil the gender is better. Xi of black lead of 　 of black lead Xi besides it is better to be used at lube effect as additive alone outside, still can use the performance that improves lube jointly with other additive, the Xi of oxidation black lead that changes the function for example is the same as 2 vulcanization molybdenum compound, use as the additive of lube, the effect is more apparent; Mix black lead Xi, borax calcium nitrate is compound, used hydro-thermal legal system to have compound additive, and with oleic acid modified, the lubricant performance that improved lube substantially and anti-wear properties can. Black lead Xi is material of a kind of new-style carbolic accept rice, have very superior performance, like quality function of light, heat conduction is good, electric performance is good, have good anticorrosion performance, still have very good self-lubricating function. Black lead Xi is self-lubricating the discovery of function makes its have potential applied value in lube domain.