Gas gel (Aerogel) it is by colloid particle or polymer element collect the small offer that make each other poriferous network structure, fill air in hole material of a kind of of dispersive medium new-style light qualitative solid body, have extremely low apparent density (but low to 0.002gcm-3) , tall hole is led (80%-99.8% ) , accumulate high than the surface (100-2000m2g-1) wait for a characteristic, make its are had thereby cut off goodly extremely function, low thermal conductance (0.01-0.04Wm-1K-1) and the superior performance such as tall adsorption, catalysis and laden ability. Accordingly, gas gel hopeful serves as heat insolation insulation material, flame retardant material, deadening, efficient adsorptive material, activator carrier material, optical parts of an apparatus and material of electrode the sources of energy get applied extensively, one of 10 old stuff that “ be regardinged as did not have latent capacity ” . The framework composition material of the gel of gas of classified basis of gas gel divides his it is 3 kinds: Inorganic enrages gel, main type has silicon to enrage gel and metallic oxide to enrage gel; Organic gas gel, this type uses before the body is a benzene more 2 phenol - formaldehyde; Carbon enrages gel, below the condition of inert atmosphere and high temperature, organic gas gel withholds carbonization only carbolic framework structure. Besides, the basis enrages gel material of dry method different, can divide to often press dry gas gel, freeze-dry gas gel is mixed exceed gel of critical and dry gas 3 sort. About gas gel composite material
Gas gel composite material understands easily simply for it is gas gel + complex structure material turns gas gel into composite material through craft. Gas gel performance is high, but the its inferior intensity and tenacity wide application that restricted material. Enrage the tenacity of gel material and intensity to rise, all sorts of buildup material (metal / oxide, fiber, without spin cloth and film to wait) undertake with gas gel material compound hind made the gas gel composite material that has distinctive property. Gas gel and of of application of its composite material 1. The gas gel application in respect of adiabatic heat preservation heat-insulating material (heat up insulating material namely) can deliver to quantity of heat have cut off very well action, it is the functional sex data that heat of a kind of block up transmits. This material is applied extensively at constructing a field. Gas gel can be used as thermal insulation board to apply in the building outside wall, have the effect of heat preservation. The use both neither of gas gel heat-insulating material can increase the ply of the wall outside the building, return OK and economic housing materials, reduce construction cost. Divide this beyond, gas gel is OK still to gas carriage conduit has heat insolation and thermal insulation, have protective effect to conduit. 2. Gas gel enrages gel to have very low density in the applied of acoustics respect, can make the transmission rate in gas gel reduces sound wave greatly, the density of gel of gas of 2 oxidation silicon is 0.2g/cm3, sound wave is enraging the transmission rate in gel to be 100m/s. Divide this beyond, the quality of gas gel is lighter, and free from contamination, it is a kind of first-rate sound absorption material, be arrived to construct a field by wide application. Gas gel data is used in the construction of the housing in the city and factory, gas gel can produce manufacturing noise pollution in adsorptive city noise and factory. 3. The dielectric constant that gas gel enrages gel in the applied of electricity respect inferior and have but adjusting control sex, accordingly, gas gel can be used in integrated circuit as underlay material. Generally speaking, the operation rate of the dielectric constant that underlay stuff place has and electron becomes inverse ratio, namely dielectric constant is bigger, operation rate is slower. The dielectric constant of gas gel material is lesser, can raise operation rate of the electron effectively. For instance, the dielectric constant of gel of gas of 2 oxidation silicon is very low, only 1.008C2/(N·M2) , regard underlay as material with this, can make operation rate of the electron achieves very rapid rate. And, gas gel is a kind of report insulating material, avoided the likelihood of circuit leakage of electricity. Besides the applied domain of above, gas gel material also is applied extensively to optical respect and respect of chemical activator carrier to wait. 4. Gas gel enrages gel in the applied of water treatment respect is a kind of porous material, have a lot of exceedingly good character, if density is inferior, the large area that compare a list and high hole rate. The data that these characteristic existence make gel of bring about the desired sensation can serve as the chemical pollution in absorbing water natural resources to taste will use, the advantage depends on, gas gel material won't cause pollution to water natural resources not only, can fast clear pollution is tasted, clean water quality, and the price is low. 5. Oxide reachs his oxide of of compound gas gel enrages gel to belong to the sort with gas gel more mature domain, use mellow salt or salt normally kind as van body, use soda acid to honest legal system of two paces catalysis has and be become, hold the character with an oxide and gas both gel concurrently, in oxide added on the foundation of original and good performance wait for character rate of small qualitative, tall hole, high than exterior accumulating, extended oxide to enrage the applied domain of gel material. Current, oxide gas gel studies more basically is SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 gas gel and compound gas gel. 6. Carbide reachs his carbide of of compound gas gel is a kind of tall hardness, Gao Rong the compound of dot and chemistry stability, pass commonly former generate legal system to get, in preparation process control technology parameter makes carbide gas gel structure, can promote the use of gas gel material temperature, extend the application in high temperature domain then, wait for a domain like furnace of kiln of spaceflight aviation, high temperature, nuclear energy. 7. Nitride reachs his nitride of of compound gas gel enrages gel is a kind of new-style inorganic gas gel, current research basically is centered in Si3N4 to enrage gel and BN gas gel, still involved a few other nitride to enrage the research of gel, if C3N4 enrages gel and nitrogen,change vanadium (VN) gas gel. Become nitride material preparation structure of poriferous gas gel, the exceedingly good character that holds the gel that have energy of life and nitride concurrently, this has very important sense to extending the application of nitride material, but the research that enrages gel domestic and internationally to nitride still is in fundamental phase, the research of gel of this kinds of gas still has greater progress space. 8. Polymer base polymer of of organic gas gel base organic gas gel is with high polymer the element passes what bolt with hydrogen between particle or form with colloid to have the organic compound of poriferous network structure and traditional inorganic, function of organic gas gel basically depends on polymer is phyletic, because of this polymer base organic gas gel has agile design gender and function are adjustable quality. Polymer base organic gas gel basically has polyurethane (PU) , get together Niao (PUA) , get together acyl inferior amine (the polymer with the more research such as PI) base organic gas gel, still appeared as the development of research a compasses polystyrene (SPS) , get together a benzene 2 amine (PmPD) , get together slant 2 fluorine ethylene (PVDF) , polyamide (PA) , get together pyrrole (the other polymer such as PPy) base the research report of gas gel. 9. Gel of gas of Xi of black lead of of gel of gas of black lead Xi (GA) calls Xi of bubble of black lead Xi, black lead sponge again or macrostructure body of black lead Xi. Besides a series of exceedingly good character that have C gas gel, GA still turns performance because of building unit and superior natural science and have big Kong Jie compose and exceed the distinctive performance such as flexibility, become the heat that instantly studies then. 10. of gel of quanta spot gas nods quanta (QDs) introduces gas gel, can get having property of QDs good optics, catalysis already, have the gas gel adsorption, quanta that sends the character such as feeling, adiabatic heat preservation to nod gas gel at the same time. Quanta nods gas gel to regard a kind of burgeoning technology as material, its superior performance will become research heat quickly. Below will from catalysis, pass feeling, batteries, biology to become picture and the research current situation that the applied domain such as fluorescence introduces quanta to nod gas gel respectively. 11. Give birth to corporeal radical organic reach C to enrage the inorganic such as oxide of gel afterwards, carbide, nitride to enrage gel and polymer base after the research of gel of traditional and organic gas, get angry corporeal radical organic what gel depends on raw material is widespread and get way simple and easy wait for an advantage and be paid close attention to by huge. In the meantime, lay corporeal radical raw material often green is avirulent, have biology consistence, live thing generally but the characteristic such as degradation sex, this extremely accord with concept of current green chemistry. Gas gel material is put in problem and of development direction at present 1. Form a mechanism to remain to study further. Although dot of carbide, nitride, quanta, live thing is simple base organic the material of new-style gas gel such as gel of the gas that reach carbon been able to have succeeded preparation, but research of mechanism of synthesis of material of gel of this kind of gas is still insufficient and thorough, at the same time structure of gas gel network grows the need such as adjusting control of composition of mechanism, surface and chemical structure adjusting control and stability of high temperature structure studies further, later period need centers the look in quanta chemistry and element on kinetic computation and union of experimental research photograph, implementation faces those who enrage gel material to form a mechanism to undertake study deep and be been opposite enraging the function of gel material to optimize adjusting control further from element, atomic layer. 2. The research of material of function gas gel remains to continue thorough. The application that enrages gel to wait for a respect in electrode material, semiconductor material, magnetic material considers to still be perfected not quite, concerned structure and the research that function concerns still not thorough, need studies its are immanent further mechanism, announce the correlation between function and structure, at the same time high-powered, muti_function model gas gel material still remains further to enraging the function of gel material development. 3. Dimensions changes manufacturing problem to had been not solved. The field is produced in industry, because taller, construction restricted cost not easily,enrage gel its dimensions turns application, need uses the van system with more low cost, union becomes this smaller dry step, make produce craft to get perfecting, reduce the cost of gas gel material further, drive the industrialized production of gas gel. Only such, ability hopeful is in gas gel material to will become the super material that changes to drive a society to develop henceforth, the life that is the mankind brings the innovation on real significance. Reference material: [1] Wu Xiaodong, song Zihao, wang Wei, cui Yi, yellow Shun Tian, yan Wenqian, equestrian Yue Cheng, zhao Yifan, yellow Long Jin, li Bo is elegant, lin Benlan, cui Sheng, shen Xiaodong. The research of gas gel material makes progress [J] . Journal of Nanjing industry university (science edition) , 2020, 42(04) : 405-451 [2] Lang Xianhua. The preparation of gas gel composite material and function study [D] . University of Qingdao science and technology, 2018
