Composite material (Compositematerials) , be by two plant or the material with two kinds of not congenial above, adopt physics or chemical method, be in macroscopical on the stuff that composition has new property. Because all sorts of material learn from others's strong points to offset his weakness each other on function, generation synergism, make integral performance excel constitutes material formerly and satisfy all sorts of different requirements of composite material, among them with colophony base composite material application is the widest.
The preparation that fieldwork is battle, battle and in executive process, use, transform landform, equipment of use at somebody's convenience or prefabricated components, the casual thing that builds quickly. To groovy weapon and nuke, biological weapon and chemical weapon kill and wound destroy action to have taller resistance ability and better defend the effect. Before 50 time, the fieldwork of my army basically is with lumber, rolled steel and defence works of material of ferroconcrete at somebody's convenience, when fighting, build temporarily. After 60 time, developed early or late assemble defence works of cement of defence works of type concrete prefabricated components, profiled bar defence works, moire steel defence works, steel wire, framework flexible the equipment making type such as coverture defence works. The defence works of this one period, weight component part volume is big, large, build career slow, earth builds exercise to measure big, remove it is difficult to close, position move is slow, motor-driven performance is not high, get used to the need that motor-driven fights hard. Begin from 80 time, as the development of composite material, the material of the fieldwork that make gets lost new-style composite material by traditional steel products, lumber and ferroconcrete material, my army developed defence works of glass reinforced plastics, fibre glass to enhance cement defence works, glass reinforced plastics or aluminium alloy to make face plate and bubble make the composite material defence works of core material early or late. The defence works of this one period, although weight is lighter, component part volume is minor, but the span of defence works is lesser, fight force low, satisfy army to make the same score the need that battle combines hard. Till 90 time, the series of fieldwork of interlining of glass reinforced plastics that introduces design of ” of “ new material, new technology, new idea, ability first time makes fieldwork light-duty change, mechanization, standardization, form a variety of single material, structure type, a variety of fighting force and the seriation of a variety of performance characteristics.
Abroad begins fieldwork of use composite material from 60 time initial stage. The cover that useful glass steeliness becomes the national capital such as the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Germany, Sweden, ballproof board, ammunition depot, to the experiment research of defence works of glass reinforced plastics, outside army early began relevant research when the World War II, already had unit of all sorts of equipment of defence works of glass reinforced plastics, if light-duty glass reinforced plastics of the U.S. Army assembles type to mask defence works (long 6-18 rice, 3 meters wide, about 3 meters tall) ; The shelter of glass reinforced plastics that England develops can hold 6 people, rice of answer earth ±115, fight bow wave to exceed press 0186kg/cm2. Globose shelter waits the interlining of glass reinforced plastics of the coping of defence works of glass reinforced plastics of frivolous case shape that still has Japanese development in addition, Sweden a moment, it is better to all rose defend the effect.
One, the good point that composite material of glass reinforced plastics uses at fieldwork
Glass reinforced plastics (FRP) also call GRP, namely fiber aggrandizement is plastic, it is a kind of colophony radical composite material. Point to commonly increase with fibre glass not saturated get together fat, epoxy resin and matrix of phenolic aldehyde colophony.
Glass reinforced plastics is the crop on eye preexistence bound the composite material with the biggest, the most extensive use, industry of glass reinforced plastics is one of the most popular nowadays industry, it receives wide application in each domains with its good performance, like: ? Does gizzard of of large of ⒃ of Huan of alarm of ㄔ of brilliant of ⒔ of of ㄖ of ⒔ of make a present of of Nai of ⒐ Qu ⒐ defend У of of ⒋ of the copy that make Da truly does show off of T of deceive of τ of river of anxious Zhui of Mei of correct Suo envy stop does street invade Ц of A of school appearance does children's hair of swollen Bao mother stop な summary Su?
FRP (fibre glass increases plastic, abbreviation glass reinforced plastics) be it is matrix, fibre glass with synthetic resin (fabric) the composite material to enhance material. Have a lot of good character: (one) light qualitative excel in, specific gravity 114-2.0, it is the 1/5 of steel about, aluminous 1/2, its exceed steel and aluminium alloy with the quantity that compare a pattern than intensity; (2) concussion tenacity is good, move load and explosive concussion load at bearing aptly; (3) it is good to fight ageing and anti-flammability (fire retardant is joined in glass reinforced plastics or use flame retardant colophony rejoin fire retardant, can satisfy fire prevention to ask) ; (4) performance of heat preservation of heat insolation of its interlining structure is good, coefficient of thermal conductivity and thermal stress are little (be steel tube respectively 0.14% with 1/11) ; (5) dielectric protecties is good, can apply at telegraphic and transmit electricity, concentrated area surely; (6) design and but application property is good, installation is quick and convenient, safe, scarcely get angry. Accordingly, FRP pole assembles type mediumly quickly at designing field operations project aptly prefabricated components, in defend on the application of project fieldwork more and more be taken seriously. The fibre glass that uses at present, curve of its stress meet an emergency is shown like plan institute, can see from inside the graph, ultimate fibre gets power abhorrent, gauze destroys the process that presents to rupture stage by stage. The most commonly used fibre glass cloth has tabby, twill and satin weave to wait, among them it is better that the 2/2 damask in twill spreads Fu sex, relatively apply to component of defence works of the glass reinforced plastics that make. Synthetic resin is in the action in glass reinforced plastics, it is will dispersive fibre glass or its fabric felt into a whole, at the same time already the one constituent that the colophony of solidify is glass reinforced plastics, what its function will affect glass reinforced plastics directly is mechanical, be able to bear or endure lukewarm, anti-corrosive wait for function with interpose report, this resinous option is very important also. The commonly used resin that is used at glass reinforced plastics is colophony of hot solid sex for the most part, basically have the not saturated polyester, polyester of annulus oxygen, phenolic aldehyde and modified and annulus oxygen. When structure of defence works of glass reinforced plastics is designed, want to satisfy the requirement that component part standardizes already, want to satisfy load requirement again, make vivosphere has intimacy as far as possible at the same time. Its configuration basically has two kinds: Canister carapace and ball carapace. To material of onefold glass reinforced plastics, mural ply takes 6-10mm normally, to interlining material, take envelope thick 2-4mm commonly, place core thick 40-60mm. 2, colophony radical composite material shapes method (one) hand paste shapes technology
Hand paste shapes to say manual paperhanging shapes or the contact shapes again, it is colophony of hot solid sex base composite material goods shapes one of prior methods. Alleged hand papers craft, it is to show one kind when will enhance material felt to be together with colophony shapes method, the product of composite material of glass reinforced plastics that has 50% about shapes with this kind of method, especially little to dosage, breed reachs large goods more, more appropriate uses this method. But personnel of operation of this kind of method is much, the technical standard of handlers is old to the quality influence of goods, although “ sees the version with respect to meeting ” , but should make admirable goods also is quite difficult. Hand paste shapes technology production products needs to pass following working procedure commonly: Hand paste shapes craft can divide shape with low pressure for the contact two kinds big: Belong to so former that simple hand papers law and eject to shape law; belongs to latter pressure bag law, vacuum bag law waits. The ply that the hand papers composite material goods is in commonly 2-10mm, but to some goods, its ply can be more than 10mm, also can be less than 2mm. If structure of typical hand burnt products pursues.
1, facing; 2, short cut felt; 3, short cut felt or roving cloth; 4, felt of the short;5 that cut felt, surface; 6, gel coat layer; 7, agent of drawing of patterns; 8, mould.
Restrict because of what its are reached size rarely by product figure, mould charge is inferior. Because of the large products with this much to breed, small output, hand paste shapes the technology is the most appropriate. With the hand paste shapes prop of shield of cover of antennae of car of lamina of canister of room of producible pantile, activity, tub, cooling tower, toilet, storage tank, lay aside, fan, of all kinds fisher and houseboat, miniature and passenger car housing, large radar and observatory housetop cover, equipment, statuary, arena and. Anyhow, because the hand papers craft to design freedom, the exterior that can ask according to the technology of the product the design gives ideal, modelling and the FRP products with varied, various breed. Current, the product amounts to on 10 thousand kinds, be applied extensively to each domains, foreground is valued.
(2) mould pressing shapes technology
Agree with output is big, the goods with dimension accurate requirement. The mould that mould pressing shapes is become twice in group by shade, this world. Enhance material to be commonly short cut fiber felt, successive fiber felt and fabric.
(3) RTM shapes technology
RTM(colophony delivers moulding) shape the technology is a kind of appropriate much breed, medium goods of composite material of batch, high quality produces shape technology, RTM shapes the technology has a lot of advantages: Can make high quality, high accuracy, small hole lead the member of complex composite material of tall fiber content, colophony of beardless gel coat also can obtain slick double surface, the product arrives from the design time of put into production is short, manufacturing efficiency is tall; RTM mould and products plan can use CAD to undertake designing, it is easy that the mould is made, material choice range is wide; The component that RTM shapes and pipe fitting come true easily local increase and make local add large component part, the composite material of the material that bring core can shape; RTM shapes moisture volatilizes in the process little, be helpful for labor protection and environmental protection.
(4) fiber is twined shape technology
Fiber is twined shaping is to be on special twister, infiltration resinous fiber even ground, regular ground twines the core model that turns in to go up, model of core of final solidify, eliminate acquires product. Fiber twines shape the method uses at making turn of simple Qu Xuan already: Wait like canister, canister, canal, ball, awl. Also can use the blame such as preparation plane airframe, wing and car automobile body to rotate body part: Twine in fiber shape the buildup that middling uses material includes staple of fibre glass, carbon fiber, fragrant black silk ribbon; Twine with colophony matrix oxygen of polyester, vinyl, annulus and BMI colophony wait. The main good point that fiber binds is economic raw material, low production cost and make high repeatability, the biggest drawback is to make a solidify hind need to divide core model and unsuited make at taking sunken music appearance make.
(5) pull crowded shape technology
Use at profile of composite material of serial production fiber. Main process is support it is certain that drawing carries raw material carries raw material model of the face heat model, finish compound, shape and solidify. Pull crowded shape craft tube is simple; Efficiency is tall; Pull crowded law preparation to make when, enhance parallel of fiber edge axial to arrange, use its strength effectively. Use fiber felt to enhance material but preparation isotropy is made, use braid belt can rise make transverse strength. Pull the control that pressing shaping key is solidify. Solidify reacts radiative peak appears to make an easy craze, warp too early; Appear too late; makes a solidify not complete, easy statified. Depend on profile appearance and heat means, pull crowded speed to be between 1.5-60m/h.
(6) autoclave shapes technology
Autoclave shapes the technology is to produce high quality composite material to make main method. Its are basic the process is first will beforehand dip makings cuts out by dimension, the shop is stuck, next will beforehand dip expects the quantity folds layer and other technology to assist material to be combined together it is in; park autoclave below constant pressure and temperature solidify is formed make. Autoclave shapes the biggest advantage of the technology is to use a mould to receive form only complex, dimension bigger, quality is better make.
3, hand paste shapes the craft application in fieldwork
6 kinds of technology that the principle that the craft of composite material designs colophony radical and above mention the basis are comparative, because composite material assembles type fieldwork structure is complex, size is larger, together with considers finished cost, reason uses hand paste to shape in production process craft. Shape with other craft photograph is compared, hand paste shapes the advantage that craft has as follows: (one) the operation is handy, handlers grooms easily; (2) installation cost is little, operating costs is low: (3) can produce large with complex construction products; (4) of goods it is good to can design a gender, and easy change design; (5) mould material origin is wide; (6) can structure of make it interlining.
Because condition of contemporary hi-tech war falls, need builds fieldwork quickly in order to increase the need of the viability of army, high-powered colophony base composite material can absorb blow energy, light qualitative excel in effectively oneself place is peculiarly with its and have do not light, the function such as avirulent, heat preservation, be sure to make the first selection material that fieldwork builds.
